View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance, Diabetes.
Filter by:This will be a validation study of Quantose IR and Quantose IGT to predict insulin resistance and identify patients with prediabetes. This is a pilot study of 100 subjects. Based on the results of this initial trial, investigators plan to perform a larger trial at UTMB. Quantose IR is a fasting blood test for insulin resistance and prediabetes, and is clinically validated in non-pregnant individuals. The Quantose IR Score is based on three novel nonglycemic biomarkers, as well as insulin, and provides a comprehensive measure of insulin resistance. These analytes include: - α-HB (α-hydroxybutyrate): positively correlated with insulin resistance and indicative of early β-cell dysfunction. - L-GPC (linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine): negatively correlated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. - Oleic Acid: positively correlated with increasing lipolysis and insulin resistance. - Insulin: increased insulin is characteristic of insulin resistance and is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Quantose IGT is designed to estimate the risk of being IGT. It is calculated from a multiple logistic regression model based on the fasting plasma levels of: - Glucose. - α−HB. - β−HB. - 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid. - LGPC. - Oleic acid. - Serine. - Vitamin B5. Participants in the study will be consenting to data collection and two visits for lab draw. The investigators will then evaluate the performance of the Quantose IR and Quantose IGT in the study population.
Accumulation of intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs) due to increased supply of fatty acids can induce defects in the insulin signaling cascade, causing skeletal muscle insulin resistance. However, the causes for muscle insulin resistance are not well understood. The association of elevated IMCLs and insulin resistance has been shown in obese humans and individuals with type 2 diabetes as well as several animal models of insulin resistance. Despite the strong relationship between IMCLs and insulin resistance, this suggested relationship disappears when well-trained endurance athletes are included into this consideration as this group is highly insulin sensitive. This metabolic enigma has been termed the 'athlete's paradox'. The aim of this project is to resolve the mechanisms contributing to the athlete's paradox.
Blood sugar levels are controlled by insulin, a hormone made by cells in the pancreas. After a meal, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose (blood sugar) which is absorbed from the intestine into the blood leading to a rise in glucose which triggers the secretion of insulin. Insulin binds to cells in the liver, muscle and fat, triggering them to take up glucose and bring the blood glucose level back to normal. A high blood sugar level is known as diabetes. The most common form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes, is caused by insulin resistance; that is, a reduced ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake into cells. The body compensates for insulin resistance by making more insulin; type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas can no longer make enough insulin to control blood glucose. The high blood glucose and insulin levels lead to long-term complications such as heart attacks, kidney failure, reduced sensation and poor circulation in the feet and legs. Reducing blood glucose levels with oral medications and insulin reduces risk of diabetic complications. There are several types of oral medications available for treating diabetes; however, they do not always control blood glucose adequately. In addition, these drugs have complications and are not used to treat insulin resistance and prediabetes - a condition when blood glucose is higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. Prediabetes often progresses to diabetes over a period of months or years. Effective and safe treatments for prediabetes could prevent or delay the onset of diabetes. Axulin is a natural health product consisting of a mixture of extracts - derived from herbs and vegetables present in normal diets - which has been shown in cell culture and in animal studies to increase the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake into cells. The active ingredient in Axulin is a botanical extract designated HP-211. Thus, HP-211 may reduce the blood glucose and insulin levels of subjects without diabetes after eating. HP-211 may also reduce glucose and insulin responses to a larger extent in insulin-resistant as compared to insulin-sensitive subjects. Subjects will take 0g, 2g, or 4g of capsules or tablets in the morning after an overnight fast; 40 minutes later they will consume 75g glucose dissolved in 300ml water. Blood glucose, insulin and fats will be measured before and for 2 hours after the glucose drink.
It is well known that the hormone insulin lowers blood glucose in part by acting directly on the liver and reducing hepatic glucose production. Animal studies have shown that the hormone insulin can act on the brain to indirectly lower glucose production by the liver. We aim to test whether this is true in humans by giving insulin intranasally. It has previously been shown that a nasal spray can deliver insulin directly to the brain without affecting circulating insulin concentration.