View clinical trials related to Infectious Diseases.
Filter by:Hypotheses and Specific Aims: The continued emergence of antibiotic-resistance in the outpatient setting underlines the need to responsibly manage antimicrobial prescribing. It is in this context that we seek to test an effective strategy for reducing the inappropriate use of antibiotics in primary care office practices. Our overall objective is to identify an effective and efficient strategy for decreasing the contribution of primary care clinicians to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the community and to disseminate widely those strategies found to be effective and sustainable. We hypothesize that implementation of a clinician decision support system, with an active education component, will reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics in primary care office practices. Our hypothesis is based on the premise that most inappropriate prescribing is the result of multiple factors that include difficulty in distinguishing a benign, self-limited viral infection from a more serious bacterial infection; overdiagnosis of a bacterial infection in cases where there is clinical uncertainty as to the true nature of the illness; and constraints on the time available for clinicians to explain to patients the nature of the illness and the reasons an antibiotic is not indicated. The focus of this proposal will be to compare the impact of clinical decision support and active education to no intervention for enhancing the appropriate use of antimicrobials for common outpatient infections. In this randomized control trial, primary care providers participating in the intervention arm will receive active education coupled with the implementation of a clinical decision support tool, while providers in the control arm will have no intervention. At the end of the study, providers in the control arm will receive a thorough analysis of their antibiotic prescribing patterns and suggested opportunities for improvement, as well as access to the intervention tools once the study has ended. Our interdisciplinary team will integrate novel methods in implementation science with clinical and laboratory expertise in infectious diseases, antimicrobial stewardship, primary care, information technology, performance improvement, health services research, and biostatistics. The Specific Aims are constructed to validate our hypothesis in the primary care setting by demonstrating two results of our intervention strategy: 1. Reduced use of antibiotics to treat conditions for which those drugs are known not to be effective 2. Decreased prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat common bacterial infections. The degree of impact in terms of prescriptions per 100 visits for each targeted outpatient infection will be compared with active education and clinical decision support versus no intervention. The study will be able to measure the value of clinical decision support with active education that will inform future efforts in disseminating outpatient antibiotic stewardship interventions.
This single-center, randomized, double-blind and controlled study aims to examine the effect of a fermented dairy product containing the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 (Actimel® = tested product) on the incidence of respiratory and gastro-intestinal common infectious diseases (cumulated number of infections during the intervention period: primary criteria), and on immune functions in healthy shift workers. Volunteers received either 200g/day of tested product (N=500) or control product (N=500) for 3-months, followed by a 1-month follow-up.
The purpose of this study is to assess if a therapy with intravenous and oral moxifloxacin is as effective as a therapy with intravenous and oral amoxicilline/clavulanate in the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infection.
Objective and subjective musculoskeletal evaluations will be performed to determine differences in the ciprofloxacin versus non-quinolone treated pediatric patients so that we can tell what the natural occurrence of such musculoskeletal conditions is in the general pediatric population.
Aims: 1. To develop a food supplement containing a health-promoting probiotic bacteria (B. lactis BB12) and xylitol to be administered with a novel soft, possibly occlusion-friendly pacifier. 2. Test in a clinical study how feasible the method is and to study how the intervention affects caries occurrence. Main hypothesis: The administration of B. lactis BB12 and xylitol affects beneficially the dental health of the child.
One year prospective analysis of drug utilization and prescription point prevalence of medications in a pediatric tertiary care university medical center. Off-label use of medications in the study population will be also registered.
The objective of the program is to examine the efficacy of 6 month home micronutrient supplementation in Bedouin and Jewish children on improvements in nutritional status including measures of iron, ferritin, zinc and folic acid, and measures of growth and health parameters i.e.reported and recorded morbidity.
The synergistic value of the fusion of physiologic and anatomical data has been described using several co-registration techniques for various nuclear medicine procedures and morphologic imaging modalities (single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography [SPECT-CT], SPECT-magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], camera-based positron emission tomography [PET]-CT and PET-CT). The researchers hypothesize that fusion of nuclear medicine (NM) and CT data acquired sequentially in a single imaging session on one device is clinically superior to side-by-side evaluation of separately performed imaging tests. They hypothesize that more accurate localization of increased radiotracer activity on NM procedures will improve the diagnostic accuracy for detection of infection and will subsequently have a significant impact on patient management. The purpose of the present study is to assess the clinical value of this new technology of fused imaging in patients undergoing diagnostic nuclear medicine evaluation for suspicion of an infection process.