View clinical trials related to Immunization; Infection.
Filter by:Pakistan has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world. One child in eleven dies before their fifth birthday. In part, this is due to the low coverage rate of routine childhood immunizations. Since Pakistan is a Low Middle Income Country (LMIC) it is essential that an immunization intervention be developed that is suitable for its socioeconomic setting. The tele-density of Pakistan exceeds 70% and the cost of SMS in Pakistan is very low. Moreover the use of SMS in the country has broadened beyond the conventional use of peer-peer chat to include social networking, SMS banking, delivery tracking, advertising, business, disaster management, and identity verification. This study will utilise this prevalence of mobile phones to assess whether simple and interactive sms reminders can serve to increase childhood immunization coverage and timeliness. The pilot study will be carried out only in 2 EPI (Extended program on Immunization) centers at Korangi. The pilot will determine whether automated text messages produce increased immunization coverage in the reminder groups compared to the control group. 656 participants will be enrolled at Penta-1 and will be followed up until measles-2 vaccination. The results of proposed pilot will provide the basis for a large scale-up study in urban and rural settings in Pakistan.
Like many developing countries, Pakistan faces a public health challenge of low and incomplete immunization rates of children, only 54% of children aged 12 to 24 months are fully immunized, which leaves children susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is a low-cost and effective health intervention, but the uptake is low, delayed, and completion rates are poor. Door-to-door campaigns can increase coverage, but are extremely expensive. Incentive-based approaches have been rigorously demonstrated to effectively increase take-up and completion rates of immunization, and there is substantial evidence that small incentives can have a large impact on the take up of preventative health behavior in general. There are two major constraints to scaling these findings, however. This study will attempt to find the most effective incentive design that helps increase the coverage of full immunization rates among children between the ages of 0 - 24 months in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. The study proposes to conduct a randomized control trial involving small conditional cash transfers (mCCTs) to determine the optimal CCT amount (high versus low), schedule (flat versus increasing) and design (lottery versus sure payment) that would lead to the highest increase in immunization rates. Interactive Research and Development's digital immunization registry will be used to enrol and randomize the study participants and generate CCTs disbursed through a mobile money transfer platform and mobile top - ups . The three year study will be conducted in Karachi, Pakistan enrolling a sample of 11,200 children, 0-2 years of age. The study aims to provide evidence regarding the most cost-effective way to structure incentives in terms of size, schedule, and design; and address the challenge of delivering small incentives in a way that is inexpensive, logistically simple, and not subject to leakage.
Pakistan has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world in part, due to the low coverage (54%) for all basic vaccinations. Low uptake, lack of awareness among parents to complete the recommended immunization schedule and inability to remember vaccine appointments are some of the key factors hindering improvement in uptake of immunization services. On the supply side, ineffective methods to track children's' vaccine doses means that there is no reliable mechanism to verify vaccine administration and estimate accurate immunization coverage. This study proposes to develop and test two types of silicon bracelets for children to stimulate immunization demand and simultaneously address supply side verification issues. These bracelets use a combination of numbers and symbols to denote the age of the child and due vaccines and are designed for illiterate or uneducated mothers; are low-cost and adaptable to most local settings. At the time of vaccine administration, the appropriate symbol denoting the vaccine on the bracelets is punched and therefore the bracelets can serve as effective reminders for mothers for timely immunization of their child and as a tool for vaccinators to verify vaccine administration and coverage. An individually randomized, three-arm parallel group design randomized control trial will be conducted with equal allocation in the two treatment groups and control group. Children in intervention group A will receive the simple silicon bracelets, children in intervention group B will receive the bracelets developed by Alma Sana Inc. and children in the Control group will not receive any intervention. The impact of these immunization reminder bracelets on immunization coverage and timeliness will be evaluated through a randomized control trial (RCT) across 4 immunization centers in Karachi. To evaluate the bracelets' impact, variables of interest-coverage and timeliness rates of pentavalent-3/PCV-3/polio-3 and Measles 1 vaccine will be compared between Group A and the Control Group and Group B and the Control Group. Proposed results include increase in immunization coverage and timeliness of Pentavalent-3/Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-3)/Polio-3 and Measles-1 in the intervention versus control group. The study will provide evidence of the bracelet's effectiveness for the global health community and provide a simple tool for strengthening routine immunization efforts in Pakistan.
To collect the immunisation history of participants enrolled in a previous vaccine study (REC 09/H0604/107) in order to assess the influence of genetic variation on the level of immunity to routine immunisations.
- Indication: Protection against varicella and herpes zoster - Study Objectives - Primary: Safety and tolerability assessment after single dose administration of NBP608 - Secondary: immunogenicity assessment after single dose administration of NBP608
Infection and cancer is a major cause of death and morbidity, and may be preventable through vaccination. It is not fully understood at the molecular level why some people respond better than others to vaccines until now the technology to assess this has not been available. This has impaired vaccine development. The overall goal of the Human Vaccines Project is to understand the 'rules' of how vaccines work. In this demonstration project the investigators will vaccinate healthy adults with hepatitis B vaccine to start to understand better how it works, ultimately helping with rational vaccine design in the future.
The purpose of this study is to: - (cohort 1) evaluate safety and immunogenicity (Haemophilus influenzae type b, Hib) of BK1310. - (cohort 2) evaluate efficacy and safety of BK1310 using ActHIB® and Tetrabik as a control in healthy infants.