View clinical trials related to Immunization; Infection.
Filter by:Influenza virus is a significant pathogen in pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, these individuals respond poorly to standard-dose (SD) inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). Recent studies have investigated two strategies to overcome poor immune responses in SOT recipients: (1) administration of high-dose (HD)-IIV compared to SD-IIV and (2) two doses of SD-IIV compared to one dose of SD-IIV in the same influenza season. One study compared HD-IIV vs. SD-IIV in adult SOT recipients and noted that HD-IIV was safe and more immunogenic; however, the median post-transplant period was 38 months. A phase I pediatric study comparing a single dose of HD-IIV vs. SD-IIV was safe with higher immunogenicity, but the study was limited by small sample size and median post-transplant vaccine administration was 26 months. In another phase II trial of adult SOT recipients, two doses of SD-IIV one month apart compared to one-dose of SD-IIV revealed modestly increased immunogenicity when given at a median of 18 months post-transplant. Therefore, these studies lack both evaluation in the early post-transplant period and substantive pediatric populations. Additionally, the administration of two-doses of HD-IIV in the same influenza season has not been evaluated in pediatric SOT recipients. Thus, the optimal immunization strategy for pediatric SOT recipients less than 24 months post-transplant is unknown. In addition, immunologic predictors and correlates of influenza vaccine immunogenicity in pediatric SOT recipients have not been well-defined. The central hypothesis of our proposal is that pediatric SOT recipients 1-23 months post-transplant who receive two doses of HD-quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV) will have similar safety but higher Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI) geometric mean titers (GMTs) to influenza antigens compared to pediatric SOT recipients receiving two doses of SD-QIV.
A pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan, China, was first reported in December 2019. On 08 January 2020, the pathogen causing this outbreak was identified as a novel coronavirus 2019. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020. On 12 February 2020, the virus was officially named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the WHO officially named the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On 11 March 2020, the WHO upgraded the status of the COVID-19 outbreak from epidemic to pandemic, which is now spreading globally at high speed. There are currently few licensed vaccines to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 and the duration of response is unknown. Given the rapid transmission of COVID-19 and incidence of disease on a worldwide basis, the rapid development of effective vaccines with sufficient protection and duration of response is of utmost importance. IAU has developed a thermally stable plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based vaccine candidate using a platform approach that enables the rapid development of vaccines against emerging viral diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. The pDNA vaccine developed by IAU is a synthetic, codon-optimized, encode either the full-length Spike (S) gene or S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2 as genes of interest. Here, we aim to test a synthetic, codon optimized pDNA encoding S.opt.FL as vaccine candidate against COVID-19. A key advantage of pDNA vaccine is that multiple immunization can be used without the limitations of anti-vector responses. This study is intended to investigate the safety, immunogenicity, and tolerbilty of this prophylactic vaccine against COVID-19 administered as intramuscular immunization (i.m.).
This study aims to implement and test the efficacy of photovoice, Short Messaging Service (SMS) and phone call reminders in improving childhood immunization coverage (uptake, timeliness and completion rates) and reducing incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) among infants in Nigeria