View clinical trials related to Hyponatremia.
Filter by:Hyponatremia (HN) is the most common electrolytic disorder in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) population, found in 17 to 51% of patients according to the series. Two etiologies predominate in the literature, the Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti Diuretic Hormone (SIADH) and the Cerebral Salt Waste Syndrome (CSW), but none has been precisely described in terms of epidemiology, risk factors or severity. Moreover, SIADH and CSH were often confused in previous works. The main goal of our study is to assess retrospectively prevalence, severity, time to onset, length, risk factors of HN in a large population of TBI patients, as well as treatment modalities and prognosis. A specific distinction was performed between SIADH or CSW.
In this randomized controlled trial , The patients who satisfy the below inclusion and exclusion criteria will be included and they will be randomised, according to 2 groups ( in total 110patients in each group) to receive either Midodrine+Tolvaptan or tolvaptan+placebo for 7 days followed by follow up for 1 month. These patients will be admitted to the hospital from OPD or emergency. In patients with cirrhosis with Patients with cirrhosis -there are two types of hyponatremia. hyponatremia is due to important losses of extracellular fluid, most commonly from the kidneys (because of overdiuresis due to treatment with excessive doses of diuretics) or from the gastrointestinal tract( hypovolemic hyponatremia) hyponatremia develops in the setting of expanded extracellular fluid volume and plasma volume with ascites and edema.This condition is known as hypervolemic or dilutional hyponatremia.A marked impairment of renal solute-free water excretion, resulting in disproportionate renal retention of water with respect to sodium retention.In SALT trail showed that tolvaptan showed improvement in Na+ concentration from baseline at 4 ,30 day. It acts on by increasing free water generation by blocking ADH receptors in distal convoluted tubule. A study by Patel et al in 2017 showed that midodrine also increasing the Na+ by increasing the free water delivery to distal convoluted tubules(in cirrhosis usually there is less water delivery to distal convoluted tubules in view of less GFR).Till now there is no study has been done as combination of midodrine and tolvaptan whether superior to tolvaptan alone or not .So our aim is to study combination of midodrine and tolvaptan verses tolvaptan alone in patients with hyponatremia.
The population is aging. Aged people are more prown to develop frailty. The causes of frailty are multifactorial and are being investigated in research settings. Cardiovascular diseases, inflammaging and changes in microbiota have been associated with frailty and geriatric syndrome. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and SIADH-related hyponatremia is also important in aging and associated with inflammaging. The aim of this study is to examine, if asymptomatic bacteriuria and SIADH-related hyponatremia could be markers for frailty and geriatric syndrome.
The purpose of this study is to confirm the safety of tolvaptan in patients with hyponatremia in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in Japan
To compare between intermittent bolus and traditional continuous drip of 3%NaCl in patients with severe symptomatic hyponatremia in Rajavithi Hospital.
Hyponatremia is defined as a plasma sodium concentration below 135 mmol / L. This is a common occurrence (20-50%) during subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Its appearance is often associated with vasospasm. It is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality linked to induced neurological disorders. Hyponatremia is caused by two etiologies: the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH), and the cerebral salt wasting syndrome, CSWS. Theoretically, these two entities are differentiated by the patient's volemia; in practice, this parameter is difficult to measure. In addition, the correction of hyponatremia is diametrically opposed according to its mechanism: water restriction in the case of SIADH, sodium intake in the event of CSWS. Urea is offered as a second-line treatment in the event of treatment failure to correct hyponatremia. However, the efficacy of this treatment is based on small, observational, retrospective studies. Moreover, the mechanism of action of urea remains poorly understood: it could be a hyperosmolar effect or passive renal reabsorption of sodium.
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte derangement occurring in hospitalized patients. It is usually classified as hypovolemic, euvolemic or hypervolemic. The most common aetiology of euvolemic hyponatremia is the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). Hypervolemic hyponatremia is common in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) (10-27%) and liver cirrhosis (up to approximately 50%). In SIAD, the regulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion is impaired which leads to free water retention. In CHF and liver cirrhosis, the effective arterial blood volume is decreased leading to non-osmotic baroreceptor mediated AVP release and consecutive free water retention. Current treatments of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia, including the most used treatment fluid restriction, are of limited efficacy. Sodium-Glucose-Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule, resulting in glucosuria and consecutive osmotic diuresis. A placebo-controlled randomized trial of our group has shown that a short-term, i.e. a 4-days administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (Jardiance)® in addition to fluid restriction was effective in increasing the serum sodium concentration in 87 patients with SIAD-induced hyponatremia. The effect of empagliflozin (Jardiance)® without additional fluid restriction is however not yet known. Large randomized controlled trials have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors reduced hospitalization for heart failure in patients with, and more recently without type 2 diabetes. No studies have investigated the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors in hypervolemic hyponatremia. To evaluate the effect of empagliflozin (Jardiance)® in eu- and hypervolemic hyponatremia, a randomized placebo-controlled study is needed.
In this study, the possible role of serum sodium concentration and its changes on bone markers in hospitalized, hyponatremic patients is determined. Therefore, it is investigated whether in hospitalized, hyponatremic patients the level of carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX) is modified by changes in plasma sodium concentration, independently from the aetiology of hyponatremia.
Following cardiac surgery, right ventricular function may be altered leading to increase central venous pressure and decrease in renal blood flow. The investigator's standard care includes use of diuretic to avoid interstitial fluid accumulation. The aim of the study is to assess cardiac and renal function before and after depletion by using diuretics
In children fluids are supplemented during surgery to provide volume, to maintain blood glucose levels, electrolyte balance and to meet the ongoing fluid losses during surgery. Fluid replacement during surgery since decades has been based on the Holliday and Segar method.These authors proposed that water maintenance in children includes: 100 millilitre (ml)/100 kilocalorie (kcal) for the first 10 kg of body weight, 50mL/100 kcal for 11-20 kg and 20mL/100 kcal for every kilogram of body weight above 20 kg. The maintenance electrolyte requirements of 3 mEq/100 kcal for sodium and 2 mEq/100 kcal for potassium per day, were based upon the electrolyte composition of breast and cow's milk. Based on these recommendations hypotonic fluid (0.45% saline) was considered as the ideal fluid for maintenance in children undergoing surgery. Since the past many years there have been many documented cases of hyponatremia after administration of hypotonic fluids with potential for serious neurological injury in this group of patients.The use of Holliday and Segar's formula to calculate the maintenance fluid regimen in postoperative children leads to an overestimation of the volume of fluid needed, as there is a low urine output in this period. The postoperative period is at risk for non-osmotic secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which reduces the ability of kidney to excrete free water and carries risk for development of hyponatraemia.Authors in favour of hypotonic solutions feel that hyponatremia results from excessive volume of fluid and isotonic solutions have risk of hypernatremia, interstitial fluid overload, excessive sodium excretion, and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Based on the increased incidence of hyponatremia in children undergoing surgery, the paediatric anaesthesia societies [Society of Paediatric Anesthesia (SPA), Paediatric Anaesthesia Society of Great Britain and European society of Paediatric Anesthesia (ESPA)] put forward guidelines for the type and amount of fluid to be administered during surgery.Since then normal saline is the commonly used fluid during the perioperative period.However recent studies have shown that the use of normal saline is associated with development of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and poor outcome. Ringer lactate (RL) is a commonly used intravenous fluid during surgery and has been found to have decreased possibility of producing hyponatremia although it is a slightly hypotonic solution.Plasmalyte is an isotonic fluid which has been shown to maintain electrolyte balance and prevent hyponatremia as well as hyperchloremic acidosis in adult population.However plasmalyte has been less frequently used in paediatric population.Therefore this study is planned with the aim of comparing intravenous fluids, ringer lactate and plasmalyte in the perioperative period regarding the incidence of hyponatremia produced by these solutions, their effect on electrolytes and blood gases in children undergoing elective surgery.