View clinical trials related to Hypercalciuria.
Filter by:Thiazide diuretics will be more effective in lowering urine calcium excretion if taken at night as compared to the daytime. It will therefore be more effective in reducing kidney stone recurrence in nephrolithiasis patients with elevated urine calcium who are known to have increased risk of kidney stones at night time.
Nephrocalcinosis (NC), defined as calcification of renal tissue, has been reported to occur in 7-41% of premature infants. Causes of NC are likely multi-factorial, and infants born prematurely and with very low birth weight (<1500 gm) seem to be at the highest risk of developing NC. Recent changes in recommendations for nutrition for the preterm infant such as higher intakes of protein, calcium, and vitamin D may also play a factor in the pathogenesis of NC. Currently, diagnosis of NC often occurs incidentally during ultrasound evaluation for other issues. Because there is no acute symptom or pattern of symptoms in the preterm population associated specifically with NC, it is possible that many cases of NC may not be diagnosed. Presently, it is impractical and costly to screen all infants for NC with renal ultrasound, therefore there is no standard of care regarding screening for NC. NC may have long-term effects. Studies have shown that preterm infants with NC had shorter kidneys and a lower rate of tubule resorption of phosphorus (TRP) than preterm infants without NC. This study will analyze weekly urinalysis for all enrolled subjects prospectively and then look at the incidence of NC at discharge of the enrolled subjects.
The purpose of this study is to assess if estrogen replacement normalizes urinary calcium excretion in postmenopausal women with hypercalciuria and low bone mass and to assess for differences in response to estrogen replacement in women with familial hypercalciuria compared to nonfamilial hypercalciuria.
Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium) is an electrolyte imbalance commonly found in up to 65% of critically ill patients. Possible consequences of hypomagnesemia include neuromuscular and neurologic dysfunction, heart arrhythmias, and alterations in other electrolytes. Data has shown that critically ill patients with hypomagnesemia have a significantly higher mortality rate than patients with a normal magnesium level. The most simple and commonly used test to diagnose hypomagnesemia is a serum magnesium level. Based on the magnesium level and symptoms of hypomagnesemia, patients may be replaced with either oral or intravenous (IV) magnesium. When replacing magnesium via the IV route, approximately half of the dose is retained by the body while the remainder is excreted in the urine. The low retention rate is due to the slow uptake of magnesium by cells and decreased magnesium reabsorption by the kidneys in response to the delivery of a large concentration of magnesium. The purpose of this study is to determine whether an eight hour compared to a four hour infusion of IV magnesium sulfate results in a greater retention of the magnesium dose.
Vitamin D plays a critical role in maintaining bone health, as well as preventing cardiovascular disease, cancer, and various autoimmune diseases, such as diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency is very common in the United States and worldwide, and is now being increasingly recognized and treated. One group in which vitamin D deficiency may be particularly important is patients who have had kidney stones. These patients frequently have elevated levels of calcium in their urine, which is a common and important risk factor for calcium containing kidney stones. Because vitamin D increases absorption of calcium into the blood by the intestines, physicians may be reluctant to prescribe vitamin D therapy to patients with vitamin D deficiency if they also have kidney stones and high amounts of calcium in the urine. They are concerned about the possible risk of increasing the amount of calcium in the urine (and thereby increasing the risk of calcium stones occurring again). However, studies in patients without kidney stones, as well as studies in patients with high calcium levels in the urine, have demonstrated that giving vitamin D is effective and safe and does not increase calcium in the urine. Therefore, the investigators will study the effects of giving vitamin D on the amount of calcium in the urine in patients with a history of kidney stones and elevated calcium in the urine. The investigators will evaluate the safety of giving vitamin D to this particular group of patients.
Randomized clinical trial comparing water therapy plus low-salt diet to water therapy alone in patients affected by idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. Treatment duration: three months Primary end-point: correction of hypercalciuria Main inclusion criteria: calcium stone formers with idiopathic hypercalciuria, with at least one stone expelled and analyzed by infrared spectrophotometry; presence of hypercalciuria (>300 mg/day in males and >200 mg/day in females); 18-65 years. Main exclusion criteria: primary hyperparathyroidism, primary hyperoxaluria, enteric hyperoxaluria, bowel resection, inflammatory bowel disease, renal tubular acidosis, sarcoidosis, sponge kidney, hyperthyroidism, use of hypercalciuric drugs such as Vitamin D, acetazolamide, anti-epileptic drugs
The hypothesis of this study proposal is that pediatric urinary stone formers have genetic risk factors which predispose their urinary stone production. 50-60% of pediatric stone patients have a positive family history of urinary stone disease. Several genetic mutations have been identified which predispose patients to various types of urinary stones. These genetic mutations can also lead to other significant sequela besides stones, including osteopenia/osteoporosis (bone loss). Furthermore, metabolic abnormalities can be identified in more than 50% of pediatric stone formers, some of which can be improved and/or alleviated with medical intervention to help decrease rate of stone formation and the need for hospitalization and surgical intervention.
The purpose is to perform a one-year study designed to assess whether treatment of hypovitaminosis D increases intestinal absorption of calcium, subsequent retention of calcium within bone, decreases bone turnover, and favorably impacts upon skeletal muscle mass, functional status, measures of physical function and quality of life. I hypothesize that treatment of hypovitaminosis D results in improved intestinal calcium absorption, greater retention of calcium within the bone reservoir and improved physical function, quality of life and muscle mass.
Kidney stone formation due to an excess of calcium in the urine is a common problem. It is treated with thiazide diuretics. These drugs often cause excessively low blood potassium levels that in turn require large doses of potassium supplements. These supplements are often large, unpleasant and easy to forget. We are trying the addition of spironolactone to these patients' medications to see if it allows them to take a lower dose of potassium.
Kidney stones are very common. They affect 3-5% of the population in the United States. Many people are hospitalized for the treatment of kidney stones and some may die. Better understanding of what causes kidney stones is useful in both the treatment and prevention of kidney stones. However, exactly what causes kidney stones is unknown. The most common type of kidney stones contains calcium, which sometimes is attached to a part of the kidney important in producing the final urine, called the papilla. The investigators have noticed that persons who form kidney stones seem to have more papilla with stones attached. They propose to study these areas of the papilla, called Randall's plaques (named after their discoverer), in patients undergoing surgery for kidney stones.