Daily Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or Weekly Chloroquine Among Adults on ART in Malawi

HIV Clinical Trial

— TSCQ  

Official title:

Randomized, Open-label Controlled Trial of Daily Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or Weekly Chloroquine Among Adults on Anti-retroviral Therapy in Malawi

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01650558
• Other study ID #: HP-00043360; DAIDS ES-10822
• Secondary ID: U01AI089342-01A1
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: November 2012
• Est. completion date: July 31, 2018

Study information

• Verified date: July 2022
• Source: University of Maryland, Baltimore
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a benefit to taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TS) as prophylaxis among HIV positive adults who have viral load suppression and a good clinical response on anti-retroviral therapy (ART). If there is a benefit, then is it due to antimalarial or antibacterial properties.

The investigators hypothesize that there will be a long-term benefit on survival and disease control in the context of prophylaxis and that the benefit will largely be attributed to prevention of malaria. The main study hypothesis is that 1)TS and chloroquine (CQ) will decrease the rates of morbidity and mortality among adults after 6 or more months of ART and 2) CQ prophylaxis will be associated with more prolonged viral suppression and higher CD4 cell counts than TS prophylaxis or no prophylaxis.

Description:

This is a randomized, controlled, open-label, phase III trial of standard of care TS prophylaxis and CQ prophylaxis compared to no prophylaxis in adults receiving ART. Adults who have been receiving ART for at least six months with a good clinical response and provide informed consent and fulfill the eligibility criteria will be randomized to one of three arms: (1) to continue standard of care trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TS) prophylaxis, (2) discontinue standard of care TS prophylaxis and begin weekly CQ prophylaxis or (3) discontinue standard of care TS prophylaxis. Participants will be asked to return to the research clinic every four weeks for the first 24 weeks then every 12 weeks thereafter, and any time they are ill to facilitate both active and passive follow-up of the study endpoints. Participation will last for 32 to approximately 66 months. Participants who develop a WHO clinical stage 3 or 4 illness, experience a sustained decline in their CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3, or who experience ART failure will be placed on standard of care TS prophylaxis. Those with confirmed ART failure will be evaluated for second-line therapy according to the Malawi Ministry of Health guidelines.

The study population will include up to 1500 Malawian adults aged 18 years or older living with HIV in or near Blantyre or Zomba, Malawi, Central Africa who have been receiving antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months with good clinical response to ART, have an undetectable HIV viral load and a CD4 count >250/mm3.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 1499
• Est. completion date: July 31, 2018
• Est. primary completion date: July 31, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 years or older

• Documented HIV-1 infection

• Initiation of ART through a government-sponsored ART program at least six months prior

• Undetectable HIV viral load (< 400 copies/mL)

• CD4 count > 250/mm3

• TS prophylaxis prescribed for at least the previous 2 months

• Intention to remain in the study area until the end of the study period

• Informed consent from participant

• Female study volunteers of reproductive potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test performed within 20 days before randomization.

• Female study volunteers of reproductive potential who participate in sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy must use contraception (male or female condoms, diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide, intrauterine device, or hormone-based contraceptive) while receiving their assigned study drug and for one month after stopping the medications.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe acute illness (defined as requiring hospitalization at the time of screening or other conditions such as laboratory abnormalities as determined by the investigators)

• Chronic treatment (requiring therapy for > 14 days) or secondary prophylaxis (for toxoplasmosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, or tuberculosis for example) with any drug with antimalarial or antibacterial activity

• History of hypersensitivity to antifolate drugs or CQ

• Laboratory exclusion criteria

• Hemoglobin < 8.0 gm/dL

• Platelet count < 50,000/mm3

• Absolute granulocyte count < 500/mm3

• Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration > 210 U/L for men, >160 U/L for women

• Serum creatinine concentration > 3.3mg/dl (291.7µmol/L) for men, and > 2.7mg/dl (238.7µmol/L) for women)

• History of visual field or retinal changes

• History of preexisting auditory damage

• History of porphyria

• History of psoriasis

• History of liver disease

• History of seizure disorder

• History of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

• History of ECG and cardiac conduction abnormality or cardiomyopathy

• History of myopathy

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• HIV

Intervention

Drug:
• Standard of Care prophylaxis
Daily trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
• Chloroquine (CQ) prophylaxis
Discontinue standard of care and start weekly CQ.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Malawi	Blantyre Malaria Project Research Clinic	Blantyre
Malawi	Tisungane Clinic	Zomba

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Maryland, Baltimore	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Malawi, 

References & Publications (1)

Laurens MB, Mungwira RG, Nampota N, Nyirenda OM, Divala TH, Kanjala M, Mkandawire FA, Galileya LT, Nyangulu W, Mwinjiwa E, Downs M, Tillman A, Taylor TE, Mallewa J, Plowe CV, van Oosterhout JJ, Laufer MK. Revisiting Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxis for African Adults in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 15;73(6):1058-1065. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab252. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Bacterial or Malaria Infection With CQ or TS Resistant Organism	Occurrence of bacterial or malaria infection with CQ or TS resistant organism	32-66 months
Other	Clinical and Parasitological Response to Antimalarial Therapy	Clinical and parasitological response to antimalarial therapy in cases of uncomplicated malaria	32-66 months
Primary	Severe Events	Incidence of severe events (composite of death and WHO stage 3 and 4 illness)	22-66 months
Secondary	Number of Participants With at Least One Detectable HIV Viral Load	Number of participants who ever have a detectable viral load (>400 copies/ml).	Throughout study participation, measured every six months (2-5.5 years).
Secondary	CD4 Cell Count	Number of Participants with at Least One CD4 Count <200	Every 6 months for 22-66 months
Secondary	WHO HIV Stage 2, 3, 4 Illness	Incidence of any WHO HIV stage 2, 3, or 4 illness	32-66 months
Secondary	Bacterial Infections and Malaria	Incidence of bacterial infections and malaria	32-66 months
Secondary	Adverse Events Greater Than or Equal to Grade 3 That Are Related to the Study Product	Occurrence of adverse events that are greater than or equal to Grade 3 that require discontinuation of TS or CQ prophylaxis	32-66 months