Pudendal Nerve Block With Bupivacaine Alone and Bupivacaine With Methylene Blue for Postoperative Analgesia

Hemorrhoids Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Randomized Comparative Study of Pudendal Nerve Block With Bupivacaine Alone and Bupivacaine With Methylene Blue for Postoperative Analgesia in Perianal Surgery

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05990569
• Other study ID #: IRC-RP-2079/80-04
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: August 12, 2023
• Est. completion date: July 2024

Study information

• Verified date: November 2023
• Source: Nepal Mediciti Hospital
• Contact: Apurb Sharma, MD
• Phone: 977-9841221467
• Email: apurbsharma1976[@]gmail.com
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Study Description:

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the duration of postoperative pain relief achieved with two different approaches to pudendal nerve block in patients undergoing elective perianal surgery. The main question this study aims to answer is whether adding Methylene Blue to Bupivacaine pudendal nerve block can prolong postoperative analgesia compared to using Bupivacaine alone.

Participants in this study will be individuals with ASA I and II physical status undergoing elective perianal surgery under spinal anesthesia. They will be randomly assigned to one of two groups:

1. Group A (Case Group): Participants will receive a pudendal nerve block with Bupivacaine combined with Methylene Blue.

2. Group B (Control Group): Participants will receive a pudendal nerve block with Bupivacaine alone.

The pudendal nerve block will be performed using ultrasound guidance at the level of the ischial spine. The needle tip will be positioned between the Sacro tuberous and sacrospinous ligaments to inject the local anesthetic or the local anesthetic combined with Methylene Blue.

Throughout the study, the researchers will monitor the time to the first rescue analgesic, assess pain levels using the Numeric Rating Scale at various time intervals (2, 6, 24, 48 hours, and 7 days), and observe for any side effects or complications related to the intervention.

Participants will be closely observed after surgery to assess their pain levels and analgesic requirements. The researchers will also evaluate patient satisfaction using the Likert scale.

By comparing the outcomes between the two groups, the study aims to determine if the addition of Methylene Blue to Bupivacaine pudendal nerve block provides superior postoperative analgesia in perianal surgery patients. This information will contribute to the understanding of effective pain management strategies for individuals undergoing perianal surgical procedures and potentially reduce the need for opioids and improve patient outcomes.

Description:

Study Description:

The aim of this randomized comparative study is to investigate the effectiveness of two different approaches to postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing perianal surgery. The study will compare the use of Bupivacaine alone with Bupivacaine combined with Methylene Blue in a pudendal nerve block.

Perianal surgical procedures, such as abscess drainage, fistulectomy, and hemorrhoidectomy, can cause significant postoperative pain. The goal of this study is to find a more effective and prolonged method of pain relief to improve patient comfort and reduce the need for opioids.

Participants in this study will be individuals scheduled for elective perianal surgery and classified as ASA I and II. They will be randomly assigned to one of two groups:

1. Group A: Participants will receive a pudendal nerve block with Bupivacaine and Methylene Blue.

2. Group B: Participants will receive a pudendal nerve block with Bupivacaine alone.

The pudendal nerve block will be performed under ultrasound guidance at the ischial spine level. The needle will be accurately placed between the Sacro tuberous and sacrospinous ligaments for precise injection of the local anesthetic or the local anesthetic combined with Methylene Blue.

Throughout the study, the researchers will closely monitor the participants to assess the time to the first rescue analgesic and pain levels using the Numeric Rating Scale at specific time intervals (2, 6, 24, 48 hours, and 7 days). Additionally, any side effects, allergies, itching, hematoma, infection, or complications like loss of anal sphincter function will be recorded.

Patient satisfaction will also be evaluated using the Likert scale to determine the perceived effectiveness of the different approaches to postoperative analgesia.

By comparing the outcomes between the two groups, this study aims to determine whether the addition of Methylene Blue to Bupivacaine in a pudendal nerve block can prolong postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing perianal surgery. The findings from this study may contribute valuable insights into improving pain management strategies and enhancing the overall recovery experience for patients undergoing perianal surgical procedures.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 60
• Est. completion date: July 2024
• Est. primary completion date: June 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 15 Years to 90 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients of ASA I and II undergoing elective perianal surgery under spinal anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient's refusal

2. Patient with a history of allergy to the local anesthetic or Methylene blue

3. Bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy

4. Extensive infection at the site of injection

5. Pregnancy and lactating mother

6. Spinal abnormality

7. Patients with neurological deficit

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Fissure in Ano
• Fistula
• Hemorrhoids
• Perianal Abscess
• Perianal Fistula
• Pilonidal Sinus

Intervention

Other:
• Ultrasound guided Pudendal nerve block
Ultrasound guided bilateral pudendal nerve block

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Nepal	Nepal Mediciti Hospital	Lalitpur

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Nepal Mediciti Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Nepal, 

References & Publications (10)

Abdi S, Shenouda P, Patel N, Saini B, Bharat Y, Calvillo O. A novel technique for pudendal nerve block. Pain Physician. 2004 Jul;7(3):319-22. — View Citation

Ceulemans A, De Looze D, Van de Putte D, Stiers E, Coppens M. High post-operative pain scores despite multimodal analgesia in ambulatory anorectal surgery: a prospective cohort study. Acta Chir Belg. 2019 Aug;119(4):224-230. doi: 10.1080/00015458.2018.1500802. Epub 2018 Sep 7. — View Citation

Garimella V, Cellini C. Postoperative pain control. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2013 Sep;26(3):191-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1351138. — View Citation

Ginimuge PR, Jyothi SD. Methylene blue: revisited. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Oct;26(4):517-20. No abstract available. — View Citation

Imbelloni LE, Vieira EM, Gouveia MA, Netinho JG, Spirandelli LD, Cordeiro JA. Pudendal block with bupivacaine for postoperative pain relief. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007 Oct;50(10):1656-61. doi: 10.1007/s10350-007-0216-7. — View Citation

Kunitake H, Poylin V. Complications Following Anorectal Surgery. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2016 Mar;29(1):14-21. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1568145. — View Citation

Lee SW, Han HC. Methylene Blue Application to Lessen Pain: Its Analgesic Effect and Mechanism. Front Neurosci. 2021 May 17;15:663650. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.663650. eCollection 2021. — View Citation

Naja Z, Ziade MF, Lonnqvist PA. Nerve stimulator guided pudendal nerve block decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain. Can J Anaesth. 2005 Jan;52(1):62-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03018582. — View Citation

Sim HL, Tan KY. Randomized single-blind clinical trial of intradermal methylene blue on pain reduction after open diathermy haemorrhoidectomy. Colorectal Dis. 2014 Aug;16(8):O283-7. doi: 10.1111/codi.12587. — View Citation

Steen CJ, Lam D, Chandra R, Chua JYJ, An V, Keck JO. Pudendal Nerve Block for Posthemorrhoidectomy Pain: A Prospective, Single-Blinded Randomized Control Trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2022 Apr 1;65(4):546-551. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002293. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Time to the first rescue analgesic administration (in minutes) in the two study groups	We will compare the time at which patients in either group will demand rescue analgesic	48 hours
Primary	Patient satisfaction assessed using the Likert scale after receiving Bupivacaine pudendal nerve block with or without Methylene Blue.	We will ask the patient to select one of the following satisfaction scores: Very satisfied Moderately satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Very dissatisfied	Seven days
Secondary	Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score for pain intensity at different time intervals	Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score for pain intensity will be measured at different time intervals (at 2, 6, 24, 48 hours, and 7 days) after surgery in both study groups.	Seven days
Secondary	Complications	Incidence of complications related to the pudendal nerve block procedure, such as hematoma, infection, and allergic reactions will be captured when it is detected or at the end of seventh postoperative day	seven days