Heart Failure Clinical Trial
Official title:
Observation Study for the Assessment of the "Four-point" Questionnaire by Severo and His Associates and Its Weighting in the Greek Population to Provide a Powerful Tool for Categorizing the Severity of the Symptoms of Heart Failure
The "four-point" questionnaire by Severo and his associates was weighted in 2011 in the Portuguese population and aims to characterize the severity of the symptoms of heart failure by providing a way to minimize the reliability of the NYHA classification. The questionnaire consists of four closed questions, three possible single-choice answers, coded 0, 1 or 2, and has been translated into Greek in accordance with the internationally-based methodology, with forward-backward translation.
In clinical practice, the most commonly used classifications of the severity of CA⸱ are the
New York Heart Association functional classification (NYHA), which is based on symptoms and
exercise capacity11 and has been used in the majority of clinical trials combined with the
fraction left ventricular ejection and ACC / AHA (American College of Cardiology Foundation /
American Heart Association), which describes the disease according to structural lesions and
symptoms.
With NYHA calibration, patients can be classified into four classes (I, II, III, IV)
according to conclusions drawn from the medical history and / or observations of their
physical activity and in some cases from cardiac function measurements . An attempt has been
made to increase the objectivity of the method through a more comprehensive assessment, which
will also be based on clinical measurements from electrocardiograms, stress tests, x-rays,
echocardiograms, etc. There is a very high variability among clinicians' ratings on
classifying patients in classes based on the NYHA functional classification as the class is
selected according to the physician's personal assessment of the patient's physical
condition. This increases the subjectivity of the particular sorting system. Studies have
shown that there is agreement on NYHA calibration between different doctors for the same
patient, of 55%, which leads to the conclusion that the use of this scale as the endpoint in
clinical research is questionable and inadequate.
Patient self-assessments are more reliable with respect to the subjectivity of assessing the
severity of symptoms. This is why maximizing the interest of the scientific community,
clinicians and pharmaceutical companies in developing more subjective methods of measuring
health status. 30% of all new drugs developed use patient-reported outcomes (PROs) as primary
or intermediate endpoints.
The different data collection methods and sampling techniques are methods and methodologies
that allow for the reduction of the amount of data to be collected, considering data only as
some elements of a subset of the cases under consideration. The questionnaire is a form that
includes a series of structured questions, in which the respondent is asked to respond in
writing and in a specific order. Questionnaires collect data asking people to answer exactly
the same set of questions. They are usually used in a research strategy to collect
descriptive and explanatory data about views, behaviors, features, attitudes, etc. The
questionnaire is the means of communication between the researcher and the respondents,
directly or indirectly, depending on the method of data collection. The structure of the
questionnaire, due to its qualities, is the most critical and delicate task, crucial to the
success of a statistical survey.
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