The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids and the Timed Water Swallow Test

Healthy Aging Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids and the Timed Water Swallow Test: Reliability, Associations, Age and Gender Effects, and Normative Data

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05132452
• Other study ID #: 1012
• Status: Completed
• Start date: February 1, 2016
• Est. completion date: December 23, 2018

Study information

• Verified date: November 2021
• Source: University of Haifa
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

This study aimed to gather more information regarding two clinically relevant tests: The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST). Both tests can be used clinically as part of swallowing disorders evaluation.

The aims of the study were to assess the reliability of the two tests, to document the effects of age and gender on the outcome measures of the TOMASS and TWST and to explore the relationship between participants' function in the two tests. To do that, 298 healthy participants were included. All of them did not have dysphagia. Most of them were elderly.

Description:

Background: Quantitative measures of swallowing function can increase accuracy, reliability, and improve clinical decision making. The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST) are functional tests of swallowing that provide quantitative results.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between TOMASS and TWST; evaluate test-retest and interrater reliability; explore age and gender effects; and to gather normative data.

Methods: Healthy community dwelling participants (n = 298, ≥20 years old) were recruited. Of those, 126 were included in the reliability study. Participants completed the TWST and TOMASS.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 298
• Est. completion date: December 23, 2018
• Est. primary completion date: December 23, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 20 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• all participants were eligible to participate if they were over 20 years of age, with no known medical history of dysphagia, had an SDQ score of less than 11, indicating no suspicion for dysphagia, were able to give a written informed consent, and could follow simple verbal instructions. In addition, all participants indicated that they do not avoid eating crackers due to swallowing disorders or allergies.

Exclusion Criteria:

• SDQ over 11 or medically reported dysphagia not eating crackers due to swallowing difficulty allergy to gluten

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Deglutition Disorders
• Gender
• Healthy Aging
• Swallowing Disorder

Intervention

Diagnostic Test:
• The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST)
Participants swallowed one cracker for the TOMASS. They swallowed 150 mL of water for the TWST.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Haifa

References & Publications (5)

Athukorala RP, Jones RD, Sella O, Huckabee ML. Skill training for swallowing rehabilitation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Jul;95(7):1374-82. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.03.001. Epub 2014 May 9. — View Citation

Huckabee ML, McIntosh T, Fuller L, Curry M, Thomas P, Walshe M, McCague E, Battel I, Nogueira D, Frank U, van den Engel-Hoek L, Sella-Weiss O. The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): reliability, validity and international normative data. — View Citation

Hughes TA, Wiles CM. Clinical measurement of swallowing in health and in neurogenic dysphagia. QJM. 1996 Feb;89(2):109-16. — View Citation

Krishnamurthy R, Kothari S, Balasubramanium RK, Huckabee ML. The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): Normative data for the adult Indian population. Data Brief. 2021 Mar 18;35:106958. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106958. eCollection 2021 Apr. — View Citation

Sarve AR, Krishnamurthy R, Balasubramanium RK. The timed water test of swallowing: Reliability, validity, and normative data from Indian population. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2021 Mar-Apr;15(2):14-20. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	duration	length of time required to complete the task	one-off assessment
Primary	swallows	number of swallows required to complete the task	one-off assessment
Primary	bites	number of bites required to eat the cracker	one-off assessment
Primary	masticatory cycles	number of masticatory cycles required to eat the cracker	one-off assessment
Primary	volume	the amount of water swallowed	one-off assessment