View clinical trials related to Health Risk Behaviors.
Filter by:This study aimed to examine the effect of core endurance levels on upper extremity function, muscle strength and reaction time in healthy young adults. The "core" region functions as a connection point between the upper and lower extremities and enables the transfer of force from this region to the extremities. This region is a basic structure where the force required for all movements is generated and transmitted from the proximal segments to the distal segments. "Core" stabilization has a significant impact on limb functionality, and stabilization of the proximal segments is necessary to maintain the mobility and function of the distal segments. To establish a stable base during functional activities, the "core" muscles are activated before the upper and lower extremity muscles. This ensures force production and transfer of resulting forces, thus supporting the mobility of the distal segments. Increasing core stabilization increases force production in the extremities, and control of core strength, balance and movement maximizes upper and lower extremity functions. Any impairment in core stabilization reduces the quality of movement and increases the risk of injury to the upper extremity. Therefore, it has been stated that "core" stabilization has a significant effect on athletic performance and upper extremity functions. There are not enough studies in the literature investigating this effect in healthy young adults. Most existing studies focus on the role of core endurance on athlete performance. The aim of this study is not only to investigate core endurance levels in healthy young adults but also to examine the effect of core endurance levels on upper extremity function, muscle strength and reaction time.
This is a single-arm prospective pilot study in a single institution. The target accrual is 200 participants of Korean, female sex, never smoker status, and family history of lung cancer. The study will aim to enroll 200 participants in two years.
This project was a 12-week aerobic and resistance training intervention that included participants meeting at a pre-determined location from 1-2 times per week for 12 weeks. Aerobic activity was walking. Resistance training included traditional and non-traditional implements.
Health is a main human right and a need for every human being. However, due to some congenital or acquired reasons, individuals may be disabled and cannot participate in social life at the same level as their normally developing peers. The gradual increase in the world population, the advances in the treatment of chronic diseases and the prolongation of life expectancy at birth, along with the increase in economic, social and psychological problems and deterioration in environmental conditions show that the number of disabled individuals will increase in the future. Diseases caused by the use of tobacco and tobacco products rank first among preventable diseases in the world, and tobacco use is a very important public health problem. Nurses use various models developed as a guide in developing goals for lifestyle change in individuals and in interventions to achieve this. One of the studies they conduct based on the models is smoking cessation. It is believed that the studies to be carried out will strengthen the perceptions of individuals about protecting and improving their health and will guide the way in which the obstacles to smoking cessation can be perceived and resolved more easily. Based on this, it is thought that the smoking cessation study to be carried out by using HBM in visually impaired individuals will draw attention to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and smoking addiction, which is one of these behaviors. The study was designed experimentally with "pretest-posttest control group". Before and after the planned smoking cessation training given based on HBM, the scores of Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test and the smoking cessation scale according to HBM and hemoglobin and CO measurement values of the visually impaired individuals will be compared. Statistical package program will be used for coding, statistical analysis and evaluation of the data to be obtained from the study. T-test will be used in independent groups and t-test in dependent groups depending on the distribution features of the data in the statistical analysis. The normality distribution of the data will be evaluated by Wilk's, Kurtosis and Skewness coefficients. In the data distributed normally, non-parametric tests, Kruskal Wallis test or Mann-Whitney test will be used, and parametric tests, dependent and independent groups' t-test in two variables and ANOVA (analysis of variance) will be used in two or more variables.
2 Objectives 1. To explore the noticeability of pictorial health warnings and perceptions of attractiveness and harmfulness towards plain cigarette packets and existing cigarette packets with 85% pictorial warnings in current smokers; 2. to compare the differences in perceptions of packaging in current smokers with different characteristics (i.e. by sex, age, the consumption level of cigarettes, nicotine dependence levels, and types of tobacco used for polytobacco product users); 3. to evaluate the effectiveness in reducing smoking consumption and promoting quit attempts; and 4. to assess the support for the legislation of plain packaging.
Nitrate is a controversial component of vegetables, meat, and drinking water. The now well-established benefits of nitrate, through the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway, on cardiovascular risk factors and long-term cardiovascular disease risk are tarnished by a continuing concern about a link between nitrate ingestion and cancer. This can result in misguided advice to avoid consumption of high-nitrate leafy green vegetables by both the media and the scientific literature. A recent media headline stated, "Cancer alert over rocket: trendy salad leaves exceed safe levels of carcinogenic nitrates in one in every ten samples". One scientific review stated, "the presence of nitrate in vegetables, as in water and generally in other foods, is a serious threat to man's health". Controversy in the literature, and gaps in the knowledge are leading to confusing messages around vegetables that may play a critical role in cardiovascular health. The major dietary sources of nitrate are vegetables, meat, and drinking water. Source of nitrate could be a crucial factor determining whether the consumption of nitrate is linked with beneficial (such as improving cardiovascular health) versus harmful (N-nitrosamine formation) effects. For example, unlike meat and water-derived nitrate, vegetables contain high levels of vitamin C and/or polyphenols that may inhibit the production of N-nitrosamines. So far, no study has investigated the formation of N-nitrosamines after consumption of these different sources in humans. This study will compare N-nitrosamine formation after intake of vegetables with high nitrate content and vegetables with a low nitrate content.
Nitrate is a controversial component of vegetables, meat, and drinking water. The now well-established benefits of nitrate, through the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway, on cardiovascular risk factors and long-term cardiovascular disease risk are tarnished by a continuing concern about a link between nitrate ingestion and cancer. This can result in misguided advice to avoid consumption of high-nitrate leafy green vegetables by both the media and the scientific literature. A recent media headline stated, "Cancer alert over rocket: trendy salad leaves exceed safe levels of carcinogenic nitrates in one in every ten samples". One scientific review stated, "the presence of nitrate in vegetables, as in water and generally in other foods, is a serious threat to man's health". Controversy in the literature, and gaps in the knowledge are leading to confusing messages around vegetables that may play a critical role in cardiovascular health. The major dietary sources of nitrate are vegetables, meat, and drinking water. Source of nitrate could be a crucial factor determining whether the consumption of nitrate is linked with beneficial (such as improving cardiovascular health) versus harmful (N-nitrosamine formation) effects. For example, unlike meat and water-derived nitrate, vegetables contain high levels of vitamin C and/or polyphenols that may inhibit the production of N-nitrosamines. So far, no study has investigated the formation of N-nitrosamines after consumption of these different sources in humans. This study will compare N-nitrosamine formation after intake of water with and without added nitrate.
The opioid epidemic has become one of America's deadliest crises, surpassing car crashes, firearms, and HIV/AIDS as a leading cause of death for Americans under fifty years of age. People trying to recover from opioid-use disorder face many obstacles. Obstacles such as minor legal problems (e.g., arrest warrants for failure to pay a fine, failure to appear in court, or late child support payments) can undermine the stability needed to overcome opioid dependence. Outstanding legal obligations make it difficult to find jobs and to secure housing. They can result in removal from treatment programs as well as incarceration. Resolving these legal problems requires coordination, organization, preparation, travel, and time-expectations that may be problematic for many people in the early stages of recovery. Technology has the potential to make resolving these legal problems much easier. Online platform technology is now available that can guide people in recovery through the resolution of many legal problems at no cost and without an attorney, potentially doing so quickly, remotely, and at any time of day. This study of individuals in treatment in Michigan tests whether resolving outstanding legal issues improves drug treatment outcomes. The research also examines whether and to what extent resolving legal issues supports family reunification, reduces future criminal behavior, and improves access to jobs and housing for clients in treatment for opioid use disorder. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is used to determine the effects of resolving legal issues on these outcomes. For identification, the investigators leverage the random assignment of legal services to treatment center clients, along with the random assignment of clients to treatment centers by birth month. We assemble a novel longitudinal dataset of hundreds of clients in treatment for substance use disorder and link these clients to several administrative datasets and qualitative data, which allows for measurement of: (1) substance use behaviors and (2) justice-system involvement, including civil and criminal legal system encounters. This study also uses linked client and administrative data to research the population in opioid treatment centers, follow-up behaviors, and whether the consequences of providing no-cost legal services differ by client background. Findings from this research will improve America's understanding of the acute socio-legal needs faced by those experiencing opioid use disorder and provide recommendations to help target resources toward the areas that best support long-term abstinence from opioids and other drugs.
NuRISH is a suite of clinical trials for children from low-income families which will determine whether primary healthcare prescription for: 1) Optimal breastfeeding with support from a mobile lactation consultant vs. usual care and 2) High-quality childcare starting at 1 year vs. usual care can prevent childhood obesity, and improve cardiovascular, developmental and mental health at 2 years of age.
Background: The co-occurrence of health risk behaviors (HRBs), namely of tobacco smoking, insufficient physical activity, unhealthy diet and at-risk alcohol use, more than doubles the risk of cancer, other chronic diseases and mortality; and applies to more than half of adult general populations. However, preventive measures that target all four HRBs and that reach the majority of the target populations and particularly those persons most in need and hard to reach (e.g. with low socio-economic status), are scarce. Electronic interventions may help to efficiently address multiple HRBs in whole populations, such as health care patients. The aim is to investigate the acceptance of a proactive and brief electronic multiple behavior change intervention among general hospital patients with regards to reach, retention, equity in reach and retention, satisfaction and subsequent trajectories of behavior change motivation, HRBs and health. Methods: A pre-post-intervention study with four time points will be conducted at a general hospital in Germany. Patients admitted to participating medical departments (internal medicine, general surgery, trauma surgery, ear-nose-throat medicine) and aged 18-64 years will be systematically approached and invited to participate, irrespective of reason for admission and HRB profile. Based on HRB profile and on psychological behavior change theory, participants (n=175) will receive individualized computer-generated feedback concerning all four HRBs and motivation-enhancing feedback for up to two HRBs; directly on the ward and 1 and 3 months later. Intervention reach and retention will be determined by the proportion of participants among eligible patients and participants, respectively. Equity in reach and retention will be measured with regards to school education and other socio-demographics. To investigate satisfaction with the intervention and trajectories of motivational measures, HRBs and health measures, a 6-month follow-up will be conducted. Descriptive statistics, multivariate regressions and latent growth modelling will be applied. Discussion: This study will be the first to investigate the acceptance of a proactive, electronic and brief multiple behavior change intervention among general hospital patients. If reach is high and efficacy established by a randomized controlled trial, the intervention has potential for public health impact in terms of primary and secondary prevention of diseases.