Health Behavior Clinical Trial
— OfflineMealsOfficial title:
Are Offline Meals Healthy Meals? A Field Experiment to Promote Healthier Eating in Families
First research findings suggest that the influence of digital media on children's and adolescents' health depends primarily on proper use and regulation. In line with Social Cognitive Theory, parents' own mobile device use is very important to regulate children's media use because parents are their children's role models. However, parents do not always behave as optimal role models: They use smartphones on playgrounds, in restaurants, as well as during family mealtimes. This usage of mobile devices leads to interruptions during face-to-face conversations or routines which is defined as "technoference". Studies among children and parents suggest that parental mobile device use is associated with fewer parent-child interactions. In addition, first studies investigated mobile device use at the dining table and showed that mothers had less interactions with their children during meal times when they used a mobile device compared to mothers who did not and their children were also less likely to try new and unfamiliar food. Along the same lines, lower parental mobile device use during mealtime is also associated with healthier body weight in children. AIM: Examination of the effect of a time out from smartphone use during a family meal on the parent-child interaction at the meal table and eating quality in comparison to family meals where participants use the smartphone as usual. DESIGN: The study is a within-family field experiment with daily assessments over 14 days (7 days for the experimental condition, 7 days for the control condition). Families will go through both, intervention and control condition with a break of 21 days in between. The assessment of the main and secondary outcomes is conducted at the baseline, over a 14 day daily diary phase and at the follow-up (directly after the daily diary phase). The sample will consist of 120 families with at least one child between the age of 6 to 14 years old. Only the participating adult in the study fills in the questionnaires. OUTCOMES: (Un)healthy eating and parent-child interaction constitute the main outcome, whereas technoference, mealtime duration, atmosphere at the meal table, and smartphone use frequency are secondary outcomes.
Status | Recruiting |
Enrollment | 120 |
Est. completion date | December 31, 2024 |
Est. primary completion date | January 31, 2022 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | Accepts Healthy Volunteers |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years and older |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - One parent who 1. lives in a household with at least one child aged between 6 and 14 years 2. eats a family meal (shared meal) with this child at least 5 days/week 3. owns an Android smartphone 4. has mobile internet on the smartphone 5. uses the smartphone on a daily basis 6. uses the smartphone at least sometimes during shared meals 5. agrees on participating in the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Insufficient knowledge of German of the participating family member 2. Involvement of the participating family member and/or child in a dietary program to reduce weight or plan to do so for the duration of the study. 3. Holidays during the intervention period |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Germany | Forsa | Frankfurt am Main | Hessen |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
University of Wuppertal | Max Planck Institute for Human Development, University of Mannheim |
Germany,
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | (Un)healthy eating | Self-reported (un)healthy eating measured via intake of portions of fruits and vegetables, desserts, and sugar-sweetened beverages per day per child. Items according to Flückiger, L., Lieb, R., Meyer, A. H., Witthauer, C., & Mata, J. (2017). Day-to-day variations in health behaviors and daily functioning: Two intensive longitudinal studies. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 40, 307-319. | Baseline, Daily Diaries (after Baseline assessment; 14 days in total), Follow up (35 days after the first daily diary assessment) | |
Primary | Parent-child interaction | Parent-child interaction. Items according to: Mata, J., Dallacker, M., & Hertwig, R. (2018). A matter of time: Longer meal duration increases healthy eating in children. An experimental study. Invited presentation, conference of the German Society for Psychology, Frankfurt/ Main, Germany. | Daily Diaries (after Baseline assessment; 14 days in total) | |
Secondary | Smartphone use | Objective measurement: An app tracks general smartphone use (duration, frequency of unlocking, which applications were used) | During the daily Diaries (after Baseline assessment; 14 days in total) | |
Secondary | Media use | Media use during meal time is measured with items from Knobl, V., Dallacker, M., Hertwig, R., & Mata, J. (manuscript submitted for publication). Happy and healthy: How family mealtime routines relate to child nutritional health. | Baseline, During the daily Diaries (after Baseline assessment; 14 days in total) | |
Secondary | Meal duration | Meal duration is measured with one item according to Knobl, V., Dallacker, M., Hertwig, R., & Mata, J. (manuscript submitted for publication). Happy and healthy: How family mealtime routines relate to child nutritional health. | Baseline, During the daily Diaries (after Baseline assessment; 14 days in total) | |
Secondary | Technoference | Technoference is measured according to McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016). "Technoference": The interference of technology in couple relationships and implications for women's personal and relational well-being. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5, 85-98. doi: 10.1037/ppm0000065 | Baseline, Daily Diaries (after Baseline assessment; 14 days in total), Follow up (35 days after the first daily diary assessment) | |
Secondary | Child's distraction | Child's distraction is measured according to McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016). "Technoference": The interference of technology in couple relationships and implications for women's personal and relational well-being. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5, 85-98. doi: 10.1037/ppm0000065 | Baseline, Daily Diaries (after Baseline assessment; 14 days in total), Follow up (35 days after the first daily diary assessment) |
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