Health Behavior Change During COVID-19 Pandemic

Health Behavior Clinical Trial

Official title:

Health Behavior Change During COVID-19 Pandemic: the Focus on Handwashing

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04367337
• Other study ID #: 3228-1BPSYPSBEH-30
• Status: Completed
• Start date: March 25, 2020
• Est. completion date: September 24, 2020

Study information

• Verified date: August 2020
• Source: University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

This study aims at investigating handwashing behavior during COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that social-cognitive and emotional predictors as well as COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates within the country would be associated with handwashing behavior in the general population of adults in 14 countries.

Description:

This observational study aims at testing the adherence to handwashing guidelines (the World Health Organization, WHO, 2020) at two measurement points, spanning 1 month. Adults from the general population in 14 countries (Poland, Australia, Canada, China, France, Gambia, Germany, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, Switzerland) will provide self-report data on handwashing behavior and its social-cognitive predictors (perceived effectiveness of handwashing, risk perception, outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, intention, planning, and action control), anxiety, as well as COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates within the country.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 6079
• Est. completion date: September 24, 2020
• Est. primary completion date: September 24, 2020
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• adults (from general population) who provided informed consent to participate

Exclusion Criteria:

• younger than <18 years old

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Health Behavior

Intervention

Other:
• No intervention
Observational data collection only, accounting for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality levels within each country

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Australia	the University of Melbourne	Melbourne
Canada	University of New Brunswick	Fredericton
China	Peking University	Beijing
France	University of Bordeaux	Bordeaux
Gambia	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (in collaboration with MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM)	Fajara
Germany	Freie Universität Berlin	Berlin
Israel	Bar-Ilan University	Ramat Gan
Italy	University of Padova	Padova
Malaysia	Perdana University	Serdang
Poland	SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities	Wroclaw	Lower Silezia
Portugal	University of Lisbon	Lisbon
Romania	Babes-Bolyai Unversity	Cluj-Napoca
Singapore	Nanyang Technological University	Singapore
Switzerland	University of Zurich	Zürich

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

Australia,  Canada,  China,  France,  Gambia,  Germany,  Israel,  Italy,  Malaysia,  Poland,  Portugal,  Romania,  Singapore,  Switzerland, 

References & Publications (5)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. When and how to wash your hands. 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/when-how-handwashing.html

Reyes Fernández B, Knoll N, Hamilton K, Schwarzer R. Social-cognitive antecedents of hand washing: Action control bridges the planning-behaviour gap. Psychol Health. 2016 Aug;31(8):993-1004. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1174236. Epub 2016 Apr 26. — View Citation

Ruiter RAC, Abraham C, Kok G. Scary warnings and rational precautions: A review of the psychology of fear appeals. Psychol Health. 2011;11(1): 613-630. doi: 10.1080/08870440108405863

Schwarzer R, Lippke S, Luszczynska A. Mechanisms of health behavior change in persons with chronic illness or disability: the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Rehabil Psychol. 2011 Aug;56(3):161-70. doi: 10.1037/a0024509. — View Citation

World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public. 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Handwashing adherence	The 12-item self-report measure of adherence to handwashing guidelines across situations (e.g., after visiting public spaces, after touching garbage, etc.) based on the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The responses are provided on a 4-point scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate better outcomes (the higher level of adherence to handwashing guidelines).	1 month
Primary	Frequency of handwashing	The 1-item self-report measure of the frequency of handwashing (for at least 20 seconds, all surfaces of the hands) daily. The responses are provided on a 4-point scale, ranging from 1 (less than once) to 5 (more than 10 times). Higher scores indicate better outcomes (the higher frequency of handwashing).	1 month
Secondary	Self-efficacy	4 self-efficacy questionnaire items; mean item score ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate stronger self-efficacy	1 month
Secondary	Risk perception	3 questionnaire items to assess risk perception; mean item score ranging from 1 to 5, higher scores indicate higher risk perception	1 month
Secondary	Outcome expectancy	4 items assessing positive (1 item) and negative (1 items) outcome expectancies; mean item scores ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate more positive outcome expectancies	1 month
Secondary	Intention	2 questionnaire items assessing intention to adhere to handwashing recommendations; mean item scores ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate stronger intention to wash hands (for at least 20 seconds, all surfaces of the hands)	1 month
Secondary	Planning	2 questionnaire items assessing action planning (1 item) and coping planning (1 item); mean item scores ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate a higher level of self-reported planning	1 month
Secondary	Action control	3 questionnaire items assessing a facet of action control, namely self-monitoring; mean item scores ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate a higher level of self-reported monitoring of handwashing behavior	1 month
Secondary	Perceived effectiveness of hand hygiene	1 questionnaire item assessing perceptions of handwashing as an effective means of preventing coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection; item scores ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate a higher level of perceived effectiveness of hand hygiene	1 month
Secondary	Anxiety	7-item self-report scale (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7) scale to assess anxiety symptoms; mean item scores ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate a higher level of generalized anxiety	1 month
Secondary	Country-level COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates	The daily cumulative numbers for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in the study countries. Published daily as the Situation Report by World Health Organization, starting on 21 January 2020. Higher numbers indicate the higher cumulative COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates in the country.	60 days