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Background: - Pain is the most common symptom of sickle cell disease. Episodes of severe sickle cell pain are known as "crises." High rates of pain crises are associated with a higher risk of early death. Some people with sickle cell disease have many severe pain crises while others experience fewer crises. This difference in pain crisis may be caused by sensitivity to pain. People with high sensitivity to pain may have more pain crises. Many factors, including a person's genetic makeup, determine sensitivity to pain. Comparing genetic information from people with sickle cell disease and healthy volunteers may provide more information on pain and sickle cell disease. Objectives: - To study genetics and pain sensitivity in sickle cell disease. Eligibility: - African or African American individuals at least 18 years of age with sickle cell disease. - Healthy African or African American volunteers at least 18 years of age. Design: - Participants will be screened with a medical history and physical exam. They will also provide blood and urine samples. - Participants will have the following tests: - Quantitative sensory testing to measure sensitivity to pressure, heat, cold, and mechanical pain. - EndoPat test to measure blood vessel function and reaction. - Questionnaires about mood, evidence of depression, pain, quality of sleep, and sleep disturbances. - Measures of daily pain, whether or not related to sickle cell disease. - After the first visit, those in the study will have monthly study visits for 6 months. The above tests will be repeated at these visits.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether a certain clock-gene (HPER3) with the 5/5 genotype carries a higher risk of post-operative cognitive dysfunction.
Diabetes mellitus is a growing global disease now and future, and in China, 1.2 million peoples per year have been diagnosed as diabetes mellitus. 90% diabetes mellitus patient is Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glipizide is a potent drug to service patients who suffer from Type 2 disease. Little information has been presented for the relationship between CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism and glipizide, since recently the investigators reported that there existed a tendency. In this study the investigators found that CYP2C19 polymorphism significantly influenced the pharmacokinetics of glipizide.
The purposes of this study are: 1. To evaluate whether treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin for 24 weeks is sufficient to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) rate comparable to that observed with the standard treatment duration of 48 weeks, in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) patients achieving a rapid virologic response (RVR; <50 IU/mL HCV RNA at week 4) at 4 weeks. 2. To investigate the role of on-treatment virological responses among patients with 24 or 48 weeks treatment.
The purpose of this study is to use brain imaging technology to compare differences in brain structure, chemistry, and functioning in individuals with brain and mental disorders compared to healthy volunteers. Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that results from subtle changes and abnormalities in neurons. These deficits likely occur in localized regions of the brain and may result in widespread, devastating consequences. The neuronal abnormalities are inherited through a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors. Brain imaging technologies can be used to better characterize brain changes in individuals with schizophrenia. This study will use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to identify predictable, quantifiable abnormalities in neurophysiology, neurochemistry and neuroanatomy that characterize schizophrenia and other neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders....