View clinical trials related to Gender.
Filter by:Adequate analgesia in thoracic surgery is essential to prevent severe postoperative complications, especially respiratory problems. Current knowledge about gender-related differences in pain states generally more frequent and intense pain and more demand for analgesics in women. Results about postsurgical pain in particular are very inconclusive. The investigators tried to find out if gender has an influence on postthoracotomy pain and analgesics requirement.
Obstructive lung disease is an increasing global health problem of pandemic proportions, with COPD alone affecting >10% of the population. Smoking is the main and most well studies risk factor for developing COPD. However, chronic airway obstruction also in never-smoking populations has recently been recognized as an increasing health problem. In the clinical segment (PI: Prof. C. Magnus Skold), 1000 subjects from the Swedish national SCAPIS study will be clinically well characterized in one of the six Swedish University Hospital Respiratory clinics (clinical site PIs: Anders Andersson, Leif Bjermer, Anders Blomberg, Christer Janson, Lennart Persson, Magnus Skold). This first screening includes all never-smokers with COPD identified in the SCAPIS study. A subset of 300 subjects from the groups of Healthy never-smokers, current-smokers with normal lung function, current-smokers with COPD, ex-smokers with COPD, and never-smokers with COPD will be selected for the Bronchoscopy segment, were sampling will be performed from a number of anatomical locations, including bronchial biopsies, airway epithelial brushings, and bronchoalveolar lavage. Serum, plasma, and urine samples will also be collected. In the systems medicine segment (PI: Assoc. prof Asa M. Wheelock), alterations at the epigenetic, mRNA, microRNA, proteome, metabolome and microbiome level will be performed from multiple lung compartments (airway epithelium, alveolar macrophages, exosomes, and bronchoalveolar exudates). By means of biostatistics and bioinformatics approaches, specific mediators and molecular pathways critical in the pathological mechanisms of obstructive lung disease related to never-smoker disease phenotypes will be identified. In the immunohistochemistry segment (PI: Prof. Jonas Erjefalt), a number of molecules of relevance for disease pathology will be investigated in bronchial biopsies collected from the 300 subjects in the Bronchoscopy segment.
Visual shade matching (VSM) is the most common procedure to select an adequate shade in dentistry. This clinical procedure requires the use of a shade guide, being Vita Classical (VC) the most popular among the available guides. VSM is a subjective and inconsistent process with many observer related variables (e.g. color deficiency, experience, gender and eye fatigue) that can influence on the final color appearance. The gender influence on the accuracy of VSM is controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the VSM performed by female (F) and male (M) students, using VC shade guide, testing the null hypothesis that VSM is not influenced by gender.
Human adipose tissue has been shown to contain a group of cells that possess extensive proliferative capacity and the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Cells isolated from the fatty portion are termed processed lipoaspirate cells that contain adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs). ADRCs are most conveniently extracted from tissue during an elective cosmetic liposuction procedure but may also be obtained from resected adipose tissue. This study is aimed to verify if there are differences between the number and viability of cells obtained from patients with different age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking and physical activity, within the different amount of processed fat.
In recent years it has become clear that gender differences exist both in the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of drugs related to the practice of anesthesia. Differences in pharmacokinetics are more straightforward to study than differences in clinical effects. However, isolated pharmacokinetic data are of less value if they are not accompanied by measurements of clinical effects. Males are more sensitive than females to propofol. It may therefore be necessary to decrease the propofol dose by 30-40% in males. Females have 20-30% greater sensitivity to the muscle relaxant effects.
Obesity is associated with many undesirable health effects and disease, and middle age is associated with increased risk for disease. Unfortunately, while others have looked at the effects of obesity, gender, and middle age, the combined effects of obesity and middle age on men's ability to do work in hot industrial environments have not been satisfactorily investigated. This small study evaluates the heat tolerance of lean and obese middle aged men both while exercising and resting and the ways in which each compensate for and dissipate increasing environmental heat and heat generated by the body while exercising. As obesity is a worldwide public health crisis and as populations in many industrialized nations age, it is important to understand the combined effects of obesity and middle age for men on their ability to safely work in hot environments. Such information will permit establishing and revising of safe work standards and inform public health outreach to the target population, itself.
Our long-term goal is to integrate non-small cell lung cancer patient treatment preferences into clinical treatment planning.
Atherothrombotic disorders account for 25% of all deaths among women and for substantial morbidity and resource use in health care. Nonetheless, gender-related differences in the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain largely unexplained. Among mechanisms that could account for such differences, the biology of platelets, which exert a pivotal pathogenetic role in atherothrombosis, and of coagulation system are on investigation. Thus, differences in platelet reactivity between women and men have been described using several methods and in response to varying stimuli. Indeed, sex steroid hormones could be involved in a different response of platelet to physiological response to agonists. The finding that estrogen receptors are expressed in platelets makes these cells an excellent model for studying the non-genomic effects of steroid hormones. Also coagulation cascade has been reported to be influenced by sexual endogenous as well as exogeneous hormones (i.e contraceptives) In particular, the impact of endogenous estrogens (menstrual cycle) on platelet activity and on response to antiplatelets drugs in fertile women has never been evaluated. Accordingly, the goal of this proposal is to investigate relationship between platelet function (assessed by aggregometry tests and markers of platelet activation in vivo such as thromboxane production, CD40L and P- selectin levels) and sex hormones during physiological regular menstrual cycles (28-30 days) in healthy pre-menopausal women aged from 18 to 40 years. Moreover, in a subgroup of healthy women free from antiplatelet drugs, will be planned a proof of concept study to investigate if there will be variations, during a short term (1 month) low dose aspirin, in platelet reactivity according to the different phases of menstrual cycle in 10 healthy premenopausal women aged from 18 to 40 years. Moreover, it will be investigate effect of steroid hormonal pattern on residual platelet activity response on treatment
MP3 Youth is a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a gender-specific combination HIV prevention package for youth (aged 15-24) in high burden settings. The study aims to pilot a combination package of gender-specific interventions in western Kenya in a mobile health delivery format using integrated services delivery.