Effects of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) vs. Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Recovery After a Maximal Apnea.

Exercise Training Clinical Trial

— (HIIT)  

Official title:

Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training vs. High Intensity Interval Training Program on the Recovery Capacity After a Maximal Dynamic Apnea in Breath-hold Divers. A Randomized Crossover Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04084535
• Other study ID #: CSEULS - PI - 215/2018
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: September 16, 2019
• Est. completion date: December 2, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: December 2019
• Source: Centro Universitario La Salle
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The aim of this randomized cross-over controlled study was to assess the effects of an 4-week exercise program on the recovery capacity after a voluntary maximal apnea. Participants will be randomly allocated to receive either a high intensity interval training (HIIT), or an inspiratory muscle training (IMT) using an inspiratory resistance device.

Description:

It is a multi-center study. 3 different Spanish Freedivers Centres are included in the study (Madrid, Zaragoza, and Barcelona).

For each participant, exercise program started with one or the other program. Hence, both interventions were applied once with the participant randomly allocated to receive the same intervention. The trial included four study visits. Each exercise training program will be applied sessions per week during 4 weeks. Participants received baseline assessments at the beginning of nay intervention, and post-intervention assessments at the end of the fourth week. The wash-out period will be two weeks. After these two weeks participants switched intervention.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 16
• Est. completion date: December 2, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: September 16, 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 60 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Absence of pain or illness

• No changes in cognitive ability

• Over 18 years old.

• Member of the Spanish Federation of Underwater Activities.

• Positive medical examination that allows the diver to practice voluntary apnea.

Exclusion Criteria:

• People with systemic diseases, tumors, infections, pacemakers, history of epilepsy, hydrophobia, pregnancy women, pharmacological treatment.

• To be participating in other physical activities during the experimental research

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Apnea
• Exercise Training
• High-Intensity Interval Training
• Respiratory Muscle Training

Intervention

Other:
• High intensity interval training
Participants will perform 3 HIIT sessions per week, involving 10 min of intense exercise within a time commitment of 30 min per session, including warm-up, recovery between intervals and cool down.
• Inspiratory muscle training
Participants will perform 3 inspiratory resistance training sessions per week, involving 30 min per session, including warm-up, recovery between intervals

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Spain	Madrid FREEDIVERS association	Madrid

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Centro Universitario La Salle

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Spain, 

References & Publications (1)

Andersson JP, Linér MH, Rünow E, Schagatay EK. Diving response and arterial oxygen saturation during apnea and exercise in breath-hold divers. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Sep;93(3):882-6. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Oxygen Saturation recovery	Oxygen Saturation recovery will be record by the experimenters every 5 seconds by a handheld pulse-oximeter during the 1 min recovery time after a maximal dynamic apnea. The outcome represents the time it takes to get a 95% of saturation during these 1 minute.	Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks)
Secondary	Lung function (forced spirometry)	The Spirometry will be perform according to American Thoracic Society criteria and was measured in litres. The maneuver will be perform 3 times and recording the best one.	Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks)
Secondary	Maximum Respiratory Pressures	The maximum respiratory pressures (MIP and MEP) will be measure with a device. This device applies an inspiratory/expiratory load which provides a resistance. The maneuver will be perform in a sitting position. Measuring a minimum of 3 times will be perform, recording the highest value.	Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks)
Secondary	Lactic acid recovery	The level of lactic acid in the blood will be measure by a device that used a blood lactic acid measurement that you've gotten by the finger-stick method. It will be record by the experimenters 3 times: immediately after the maximal dynamic apnea, after 3 min and after 10 min of the maximal dynamic apnea.	Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks)
Secondary	Heart Rate recovery	Heart Rate will be record by the experimenters every 5 seconds by a handheld pulse-oximeter during the 1 min recovery time after a maximal dynamic apnea. The outcome represents how long does it take before the participant periodic Heart Rate is stabilized during these 1 minute.	Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks)