View clinical trials related to Epidemiology.
Filter by:The goal of this observational study is to learn about how snakebite risk varies in different environments in Kenya and understand how this information can be used to support decision makers. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. To what extent can information on snakebite cases and data on geographic, climatic and sociodemographic factors be used to predict geographical variation in snakebite risk in Kenya and Eswatini? 2. What is the most effective means of presenting outputs from spatial analysis of snakebite risk to ensure its effective use in research and healthcare decision making? Participants in the community survey will be asked survey questions about the history of snakebite in their household. Participants in the key informant interviews will be interviewed to understand how data on snakebite risk can be best presented to support their work.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, according to its carcinogenicity is divided into high-risk genotypes and low-risk genotypes, studies have confirmed that carcinogenic HPV type continuous infection leads to higher incidence of condyloma acuminatum and cervical cancer, while increasing the risk of oropharyngeal cancer, vaginal cancer and other related cancers. Human papillomavirus vaccines have been widely used worldwide to prevent cancers of the lower reproductive tract, such as cervical, anal and vulvar cancers. According to the type, it is divided into domestic two-valent (Vantage), imported two-valent (GlaxoSmithKline), four-valent (Merck) and nine-valent (Merck)HPV vaccines. All four vaccines prevent high-risk HPV 16/18 infection, and there are differences between the quadrivalent and nine-valent HPV vaccine prevention genotypes. The protection rate, immunizing target and immunizing procedure of different valence number are slightly different. Studies have shown that after women receive HPV vaccine, the incidence of arm redness, swelling, fever, pain and other adverse reactions is high, often accompanied by menstrual disorders, sleep problems, emotional irritability, fever, dizziness, headache and other adverse reactions. However, the causal relationship between HPV vaccination and symptoms after vaccination at different prices is controversial, and there is little research in this area. Therefore, we intend to design a multicenter, bidirectional cohort study to investigate the relationship between HPV vaccination with different valence numbers and adverse reactions after vaccination in Chinese women, and to further explore the unknown potential factors affecting the protective effect of HPV vaccine.
Human Papilloma virus is the most common sexual infection in women, which can leads to cervical lesion and cervical cancer. Pap test is recommanded in women of 25 years old until 65 years old in order to screen subclinic lesions and improve prognosis. Yet, scientific knowledge about chronic disease showed negative consequences on quality of life. However, no study until now has striven to evaluate the consequences of an abnormal pap test on sexuality in adult women. The aim of this study is to evaluate if an abnormal pap test have an impact on the sexual functions in women because of the anxiety and psychological consequences of the diagnosis
The investigators propose a prospective, observational study to determine the impact of OSA and associated physiological parameters on clinical outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The prevalence, phenotypes, and predictors of OSA in the setting of pulmonary hypertension will also be investigated. Adult patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension by right heart catheterization are eligible. Recruited patients will undergo an overnight cardiorespiratory study using a Level III portable device before hospital discharge. The cardiorespiratory tracings during sleep will be analyzed and audited by a certified sleep physician. The patients will be divided into two groups based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): OSA (AHI ≥ 5) and non-OSA (AHI<5) groups. Hypoxemic parameters such as time percentage spent with oxygen saturation below 90% and nadir oxygen saturation were all collected. Baseline clinical characteristics, such as the Epworth sleepiness scales, were also obtained. The primary endpoint of this study was clinical worsening (CW), defined as the composite event of a reduction in exercise capacity, worsening in World Health Organization functional class, non-elective hospitalization for pulmonary hypertension, or all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints include individual outcomes of clinical worsening and all-cause mortality.
We aimed to determine the prevalence of HAI in medical Tunisian ICUs. Secondary endpoints were to identify the predominant infecting microorganisms and evaluate independent risk factors of HAIs.
This study aims to explore the longitudinal incidence and prevalence trends of selected muscular and bone-related rare diseases, i.e., Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy (FAP), Primary hyperoxaluria, Wilson's disease, Cystic fibrosis, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Porphyria, and Primary Paget disease, and analyze healthcare utilization.
The intensive care units is of the main components of modern healthcare systems. Formally, its aim is to offer the critically ill health care fit to their needs; ensuring that this health care is appropriate, sustainable, ethical and respectful of their autonomy. Intensive medicine is a cross-sectional specialty that encompasses a broad spectrum of pathologies in their most severe condition, and specifically has as its foundation the practice of comprehensive care of the patient with organ dysfunction and susceptible to recovery. Although critically ill patients are a heterogeneous population, they have in common the need for a high level of care, often requiring the use of high technology, specific procedures for the support of organ dysfunction and the collaboration of other medical and surgical specialties for their management and treatment. Since their origins in the late 1950s, intensive care units have been adapting to the changes arising from the best scientific evidence. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, there were some successful clinical trials published that had tested alternative management strategies in the ICU. Mechanical ventilation is an intervention that defines the critical care specialty. Between 1970 and the 1990s, the management focused on normalizing arterial blood gas with aggressive mechanical ventilation. Over the ensuing decades, it became apparent that performing positive pressure ventilation worsened lung injury. The pivotal moment in the mechanical ventilation story would be the low versus high tidal volume trial. This trial shifted the focus away from normalizing gas exchange to reducing harm with mechanical ventilation. Further, it paved way for further trials testing ventilation interventions (PEEP strategy, prone position ventilation) and nonventilation interventions (neuromuscular blockade, corticosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide, extracorporeal gas exchange) in critically ill patients. That evidence-based intensive care medicine has undoubtedly had an influence on the outcome of critically ill patients, in general, and, particularly, of patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Temporal changes in mortality over the time have been scarcely reported for patients admitted to intensive care unit. Objective of this study is to estimate the changes over the time in several outcomes in the patients admitted to an 18-beds medical-surgical intensive care unit from 1991 (year of start of activity) to 2026
With lockdown, Emergency Departments (ED) visits decrease, principally for visits unrelated with Covid-19. In this study, the investigators aimed to find a correlation between ED visits and incidence rate of Covid-19 in a French metropolis.
Our research team has established a polysomnography (PSG) quantified population-based paediatric sleep cohort in 2003 for a childhood OSA prevalence study. Subjects were recruited from 13 randomly selected primary schools. All subjects from this original cohort will be invited to join this 18-year follow-up study to repeat the following data collection: questionnaires, anthropometric measurement, sleep study, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) measurement, echocardiography and neurocognitive assessment.
The SARS-CoV-2 infection was in 2020 responsible for new disease related chronic conditions which have been referred to as Post-COVID. To date it is still unknown how common this condition is and which symptoms are related to it. The aim of the study is to monitor the onset of these conditions in a large observational study consisting of German health insurance data.