View clinical trials related to Energy Balance.
Filter by:This study primarily aimed to investigate effects of breaking up prolonged sitting with intermittent brisk walking in healthy young individuals on (1) post-trial human behaviours including energy intake and physical activity under free-living conditions and (2) cognitive performance in a simulated workplace environment.
The purpose of this project is to investigate the effects of breaking up prolonged sitting on postprandial metabolic responses, gut hormones secretion and energy balance in sedentary overweight and obese adults.
The purpose of this project is to investigate the effects of breaking up prolonged sitting on postprandial metabolic responses, gut hormones secretion and energy balance in sedentary lean adults.
10 healthy, male, participants will complete a a 5-day baseline assessment (days -5 to -1) and two consecutive 5-day periods of controlled exercise to increase oxidative capacity (3 days of aerobic exercise per period, 15 kcal/kg FFM/day energy expenditure cycling) and energy intake (15 days in total, with a testing session on morning 16). This will achieve states of energy balance (EBÍž energy availability - EA - 45 kcal/kg of fat free mass (FFM)/day), required for weight maintenance (days 1 - 5), followed by energy deficit (EDÍž EA 10 kcal/kg FFM/day), required for weight loss on days 6 - 10. Over the data-collection period, participants will consume deuterium (D2O) tracer to facilitate dynamic proteomic profiling to assess the impact of the intervention on muscle quality (primary outcome measure). Muscle biopsies will therefore be collected on days -5, 1, 6 & 11, alongside daily saliva samples, and venous blood collection on days -5, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 & 11. These samples will be used to assess further, secondary, outcome measures including alterations in intra-muscular lipid profiles (lipid droplet content, morphology and lipid-droplet associated proteins in different subcellular compartments [intermyofibrillar vs subsarcolemmal]), alterations in blood metabolites and hormones and skeletal muscle glycogen concentrations. Changes in body mass, body composition and RMR will also be assessed.
The long-term goal is to develop effective, evidence-based lifestyle interventions to prevent and treat childhood obesity and related co-morbidities. The short-term goal, and the purpose of this application, is to quantify appetite and neural mechanisms of food reward in overweight/obese (OW/OB) sedentary youth and to quantify changes following the implementation of a physical activity intervention. The central hypothesis is that appetite becomes dysregulated at low levels of physical activity via neural reward pathways, and appetite control will improve following a long-term exercise intervention. The investigators consider this project a pilot study designed to generate data to be used for future external funding opportunities, demonstrate collaboration between researchers, and test the feasibility of the protocols.
The goal of this study is to quantify energy metabolism using indirect calorimetry at rest, in the presence of excess energy following a meal, and in response to the demand for energy during exercise. The investigators also will examine the individual and joint associations of activity and obesity status on neurocognitive domains of appetite control. Participants will include adolescent males and females (N=80) using a 2 x 2 cross-sectional study design, stratified by body weight (normal vs overweight/obese) and physical activity level (sedentary vs. active).
The purpose of this project is to determine if protein is less likely to create positive energy balance when added to the diet compared to carbohydrate. To do this, the investigators will take detailed measurements of participant's baseline metabolic rate to understand their energy requirements. Then, the investigators will feed participants all their meals for two weeks, Monday-Friday, and measure their food intake. During one of the week-long feeding periods, participants will consume a shake made of egg protein that is ~20% of their energy requirements. During the other week, participants will consume a shake made of carbohydrate that is ~20% of their energy requirements. Participants will drink the assigned shake at the beginning of each of their daily three meals, and then they will be offered a 'regular' meal of unlimited quantity. Participants will not know that the investigators are measuring the food consumed after drinking the shake. Participants will drink the protein shake for the first week and carb-based shake for the second week, and vice versa-- depending on the randomization order. To account for energy expenditure, participants will wear an activity monitor, an accelerometer. Energy balance, measured as participant energy intake minus energy expenditure, will be our main outcome for each treatment. However, because participants may change their behavior if made aware of the true research question, the investigators will tell participants that the purpose of the study is to see how low fiber and high fiber shakes affect mood. The hypothesis is that during the week when participants consume the protein shake, they will remain in energy balance, but during the week of carbohydrate shake consumption, participants will have positive energy balance.
The ability to control our blood glucose (sugar) concentrations after a meal is a strong predictor of the risk of disease. Our bodies respond to glucose ingestion by reducing the amount of glucose from the liver entering the bloodstream. At the same time muscle increases the amount of glucose it take up from the bloodstream. This ensures that our blood glucose levels do not get too high. The investigators want to understand what happens to these processes following exercise after breakfast and after an overnight fast. In addition, the investigators also want to understand whether exercising with or without breakfast influences our appetite, food intake and activity levels later in the day.
The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of eating breakfast in combination with exercise on fat usage, appetite and brain performance later in the day.
A key factor in the determination of body composition over the lifecourse is fat accumulation during childhood. Periods of life associated with the greatest changes in organ development and growth, i.e. early childhood, have the most significant effect on body composition, energy balance, and metabolism. Early childhood (age 3 to 7 years) represents a critical transition for the basis of adaptability in body composition, due to the rapid growth and development that occurs. Plausibly the phenotype underlying obesity and related health risk may be determined by body composition during this critical period. Our previous research in children has consistently indicated that HA children accumulate greater amounts of fat, particularly in the intra-abdominal compartment, even at similar a BMI, and lower bone mineral content relative to EA children. The reason for these differences in body composition over the lifecourse is not clear. Racial/ethnic differences in risk factors for health, including 'thriftiness' in body fat accumulation are often evident before the age of 7, suggesting that the racial/ethnic differences in energy utilization and subsequent fat storage may be accounted for by genetic make-up, the environment (e.g. diet), or an interaction of the two. The physiologic or behavioral process(es) that cause(s) certain children to take a trajectory towards obesity while others accrue less fat is not known. However, the economic decision of fuel utilization is a physiologic trait enabling the body to choose between shuttling 'energy' towards accrual of a particular tissue (e.g. bone vs. fat) and this trait likely has a genetic component. This genetic component may be embedded in fat storage capacity evolved from gene by environment interactions that promote thrift, particularly conserved in some populations. Although genetic background plays a role, it not known whether there is a relationship between genetic background, known candidate genes or candidate pathways and environmental contributors (e.g. diet) that impact body composition trajectory. Of central importance to our understanding of early fat mass accumulation in health disparities are the mechanisms that lead to chronic disease progression. It is likely that variations within candidate genes may have a differential impact on individuals based on their genetic background. It is also probable that body composition is influenced by many genes, often within the same metabolic pathways, with small individual effects. These genes may not be significantly associated individually, but when examined as a unit (in a candidate pathway or gene-gene interaction framework) the association becomes significant. Further, children's early environmental exposures (e.g. diet) may interact with both genetic background and variations in candidate genes along resulting in alterations in body composition that predispose HA to excess fat accumulation throughout the lifecourse. To that end, the following specific aims will be evaluated: Aim 1. To examine the associations between genetic admixture and body composition in children aged 3-7 years after controlling for dietary intake. 1. Hypothesis 1.1: There is a direct association between Amerindian admixture and fat mass and in inverse association between Amerindian admixture and bone mass. 2. Hypothesis 1.2: There is a direct association between energy intake and fat accumulation and the relationship will be particularly evident in individuals with a greater proportion of Amerindian admixture. Aim 2. To examine the associations between genetic admixture and bone marrow fat in children aged 3-7 years after controlling for dietary intake. 1. Hypothesis 2.1: There is a direct association between Amerindian admixture and bone marrow fat. 2. Hypothesis 2.2: There is a direct association between energy intake and fat accumulation in bone marrow and the relationship will be particularly evident in individuals with a greater proportion of Amerindian admixture. Aim 3. To examine the relationship between variation in candidate genes and pathways and Amerindian admixture controlling for dietary intake. a. Hypothesis 3.1: Amerindian admixture will be associated with variations in candidate genes and pathways known to be associated with fat accumulation.