Dietary Acid Load During Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Dietary Habits Clinical Trial

Official title:

Is There Any Effect of Maternal Dietary Acid Load During Pregnancy on Arising Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03790579
• Other study ID #: Hacettepe Nutrition
• Status: Completed
• Start date: January 5, 2014
• Est. completion date: October 5, 2014

Study information

• Verified date: December 2018
• Source: Hacettepe University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Dietary habits resembling Western style, rich in animal protein and poor in fruit and vegetables, increase the body acid load, a predictor of type 2 diabetes risk. Recently, the studies related to relationships between dietary acid load and insulin resistance has become a growing interest but there are only a few study conducted with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between dietary acid load in second trimester, blood lipid profiles and GDM.

Description:

This cross-sectional study conducted with 40 women with GDM diagnosed with two-step 100g oral glucose tolerance test and 40 healthy women, aged 21-41 years, between weeks of 14-28 of pregnancy, who attended the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Gulhane Training and Research Hospital. Participants with polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic diseases, pre-GDM, or multiple pregnancies were excluded. Sociodemographic information was recorded via questionnaire and anthropometrics of women were measured.

Blood samples were taken after an overnight fasting. Dietary information was obtained by mean intakes of a 3-day food records (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) and analyzed via nutrition analysis software. According to the data obtained from software analysis, animal protein (g/day) to potassium (g/day) ratio (AP/K), potential renal acid load (PRAL; mEq/day) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP; mEq/day) were calculated from established algorithms to estimate dietary acid load. All nutrients were age and energy- adjusted before being introduced into the equation and tertiles of the scores were used for statistical analysis. ANOVA, ANCOVA and Logistic regression test were used. The study plan was approved by the Hospital's Ethics Committee.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 80
• Est. completion date: October 5, 2014
• Est. primary completion date: September 5, 2014
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 21 Years to 41 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Singleton pregnancy,

• Aged in 20-40 years,

• Gestational age 24-28 weeks,

• Non-history of acute or chronic diseases.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of GDM,

• Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus,

• Preeclampsia,

• Polycystic ovary syndrome,

• Thyroid disease

• Parathyroid disease,

• Metabolic bone disease,

• Kidney disease,

• Abnormal liver function,

• Multiple pregnancy

• Extreme values of energy intake in their dietary records (<1500 and >4000 kkal).

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes, Gestational
• Dietary Habits

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Hacettepe University

References & Publications (9)

Akter S, Eguchi M, Kuwahara K, Kochi T, Ito R, Kurotani K, Tsuruoka H, Nanri A, Kabe I, Mizoue T. High dietary acid load is associated with insulin resistance: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study. Clin Nutr. 2016 Apr;35(2):453-459. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu — View Citation

Della Guardia L, Thomas MA, Cena H. Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Homeostasis Can Be Influenced by Metabolic Acid Load. Nutrients. 2018 May 15;10(5). pii: E618. doi: 10.3390/nu10050618. Review. — View Citation

Gæde J, Nielsen T, Madsen ML, Toft U, Jørgensen T, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Hansen T, Allin KH, Pedersen O. Population-based studies of relationships between dietary acidity load, insulin resistance and incident diabetes in Danes. Nutr J. 2018 Oct 6;17(1) — View Citation

Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary acid load and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018 Feb;23:10-18. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.12.005. Epub 2017 Dec 23. Review. — View Citation

Kiefte-de Jong JC, Li Y, Chen M, Curhan GC, Mattei J, Malik VS, Forman JP, Franco OH, Hu FB. Diet-dependent acid load and type 2 diabetes: pooled results from three prospective cohort studies. Diabetologia. 2017 Feb;60(2):270-279. doi: 10.1007/s00125-016- — View Citation

Miki A, Hashimoto Y, Tanaka M, Kobayashi Y, Wada S, Kuwahata M, Kido Y, Yamazaki M, Fukui M. Urinary pH reflects dietary acid load in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2017 Jul;61(1):74-77. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.16-118. Epub 2017 Jul 1. — View Citation

Saraf-Bank S, Tehrani H, Haghighatdoost F, Moosavian SP, Azadbakht L. The acidity of early pregnancy diet and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Clin Nutr. 2018 Dec;37(6 Pt A):2054-2059. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.020. Epub 2017 Oct 3. — View Citation

Williams RS, Heilbronn LK, Chen DL, Coster AC, Greenfield JR, Samocha-Bonet D. Dietary acid load, metabolic acidosis and insulin resistance - Lessons from cross-sectional and overfeeding studies in humans. Clin Nutr. 2016 Oct;35(5):1084-90. doi: 10.1016/j — View Citation

Williams RS, Kozan P, Samocha-Bonet D. The role of dietary acid load and mild metabolic acidosis in insulin resistance in humans. Biochimie. 2016 May;124:171-177. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.012. Epub 2015 Sep 10. Review. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Dietary acid load	According to the data obtained from software analysis, animal protein (g/day) to potassium (g/day) ratio (AP/K), potential renal acid load (PRAL; mEq/day) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP; mEq/day) were calculated from established algorithms to estimate dietary acid load.	24-28. weeks of pregnancy