View clinical trials related to Diet Modification.
Filter by:Low-carbohydrate diets (less than approximately 130 grams per day) are emerging as an efficacious treatment option with several studies supporting weight loss and remission of type 2 diabetes. Many physicians are now implementing this strategy but the time it takes to educate patients on nutrition is a barrier. The research team is working with physicians to develop a solution whereby the nutrition education and intervention is delivered via mobile/online technology (i.e., an app). This study will test whether it is feasible and efficacious for physicians to recommend this app to their patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes to help them lose weight and improve their condition.
The purpose of this study is to see how a diet that supplements fermented foods effects inflammation and quality of life in patients with mild to moderate Ulcerative Colitis (UC). There is a paucity of research and an enormous need for better understanding of diet and intestinal inflammation. Fermented food have been shown to positively influence inflammatory cytokines and intestinal microbial diversity in healthy volunteers.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether following a Curves high protein/low fat diet (30% carbohydrate, 45% protein, 25% fat) for 30-days several times during 16 weeks of participating in the Curves fitness program promotes stepwise reductions in body weight, improvements in body composition and/or improvements in markers of fitness and health better than following the Weight Watchers Momentum Program for the same time period.
Recent evidence suggests that hyperinsulinemia (i.e., elevated insulin levels) is the primary causative factor in obesity. Insulin promotes fat storage and prevents fat breakdown, suggesting that weight loss would be optimized if insulin levels are managed and kept low. Understanding how different foods impact insulin levels could therefore aid in personalized weight loss (or weight maintenance) advice. It has been shown that salivary insulin can track plasma insulin following different meals and can delineate between lean and obese people. Thus, it was suggested that salivary insulin could be a potential surrogate for plasma insulin. The purpose of this study is to measure fasting saliva insulin, and salivary insulin responses to a standardized meal tolerance test in individuals with different body mass index (BMI).
The purpose of this study is to see how an Intermittent Calorie Reduced Diet (IRCD) that mimics fasting effects inflammation in patients with mild to moderate Crohn's disease (CD). The diet may allow users to receive the benefits of fasting while also being able to enjoy food (the ingredients of which are GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Research on dietary interventions and CD are very limited. Diets that mimick fasting have been studied with support of the National Institute of Health and published in leading journals. This research investigates whether markers of inflammation decrease and/or quality of life increases after five-day periods of the IRCD, and may provide rationale for its use to treat CD.
The aim of the study will be comparing the effectiveness of two diets: moderate in fat with a high proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) - the Mediterranean diet (MED) and 2) the low in fat and high in dietary fiber contents the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet (DASH) on weight maintenance and cardiovascular risks following a recent body weight reduction in centrally obese postmenopausal women. The tested diets will be given ad libitum manner. Moreover, adherence to both prescribed weight-loss maintenance diets will be also evaluated by the plasma concentration of alkylresorcinols (AR) as a possible whole grain wheat/rye dietary biomarker and by the analysis of fatty acids profile in erythrocyte membranes as a dietary biomarker of a fatty acids consumption. The participants of this study will be 150 non-smoking, postmenopausal women with central obesity, who wished to lose weight and have at least one other criterion of metabolic syndrome. The intervention will include 3 phases: Phase I (weeks 1-8), weight loss dietary intervention with 700 kcal/d energy deficit, Phase II (week 9-32), weight loss maintenance intervention for those participants losing ≥10% initial body weight the MED or the DASH diet will be offered in a random manner. The control group will receive oral dietary recommendations based on the Harvard model "Healthy Eating Plate". After this 32 weeks period will be finished, the participants will be discharged to the community with no contact by study personnel, until the 52-weeks follow-up period (Phase III).
Flavan-3-ols are the main source of flavonoids in Western diets. They are characteristic compounds of tea, cocoa, wine, apple, pears, etc. In plant-based foods, they occur as simple monomers or as oligomers and polymers of up to 50 units (also known as proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins). When ingested, both monomeric and high molecular weight flavan-3-ols are poorly absorbed and metabolized in the first gastrointestinal tract, reaching the colon and becoming a suitable substrate for the local microbiota. These compounds undergo an extensive microbial metabolism leading to the formation of hydroxyphenyl-γ- valerolactones (PVLs), which are then absorbed by colonocytes before reaching the liver and being converted into phase II conjugated metabolites. Since the microbiota composition varies among individuals, it results in differences in the production of PVLs and, consequently, the health effects of flavan-3-ols might change at an individual level. Another factor of variability might be due to a different asset in the fermentation of indigestible dietary carbohydrates, which are known to modify colonic pH through the production of short-chain fatty acids and may result in different profiles of gas production (i.e. hydrogen and methane), possibly affecting the bioconversion of flavan-3-ols as well. Nevertheless, these multiple variabilities are poorly understood to date.
The investigators are studying the impact of insulin resistance on the acceleration of brain aging and testing whether increased neuron insulin resistance can be counteracted by utilization of alternate metabolic pathways (e.g., ketones rather than glucose). This study has three Arms, which together provide synergistic data. For all three Arms, subjects are tested in a within-subjects design that consists of 2-3 testing sessions, 1-14 days apart, and counter-balanced for order. Impact of fuel (glucose in one session, ketones in the other) on brain metabolism and associated functioning is measured during each session. For Arms 1-2, the primary experimental measure is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which is used to trace the self-organization of functional networks following changes in energy supply and demand. Arm 1 tests the impact of endogenous ketones produced by switching to a low carbohydrate diet, while Arm 2 tests the impact of exogenous ketones consumed as a nutritional supplement. For Arm 3, simultaneous magnetic resonance spectroscopy/positron-emission tomography (MR/PET) is used to quantify the impact of exogenous ketones on production of glutamate and GABA, key neurotransmitters. Subjects will be given the option to participate in more than one of the Arms, but doing so is not expected nor required. Prior to scans, subjects will receive a clinician-administered History and Physical (H&P), which includes vital signs, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the comprehensive metabolic blood panel. These will be used to assess diabetes, kidney disease, and electrolytes. If subjects pass screening, they will be provided the option to participate in one or more Arms, which include neuroimaging. To provide a quantitative measure of time-varying metabolic activity throughout the scan, based upon quantitative models of glucose and ketone regulation, as well as to be able to implement safety stopping rules (see below), the investigators will obtain pin-prick blood samples three times: prior to the scan, following consumption of the glucose or ketone drink, and following completion of the scan. To assess effects of increased metabolic demand, the investigators measure brain response to cognitive load, transitioning from resting-state to spatial reasoning through a spatial navigation video task. To assess effects of increased metabolic supply, the investigators measure brain response to glucose or ketone bolus.
Whole grains, non-starchy vegetables, fruit, and beans are a consistent feature of diets associated with a lower risk of cancer and other diet-related diseases. For cancer risk reduction, the American Cancer Society recommendation is to consume at least 2.5 cups of a variety of fruits and vegetables daily. Other than dietary choices, weight control and physical activity levels are important modifiable determinants of cancer risk. This study finalized a novel, theory-driven farm-to-WIC intervention developed in preliminary work to promote vegetable intake among low-income adults served by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). In New Jersey (the location of the study), WIC provides participants up to $30 in seasonal Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) vouchers and monthly cash value vouchers or CVV (valued at $11 for adults and $8 for children at the time of the study) redeemable at farmers' markets. The program combined behaviorally focused nutrition education with the establishment of a WIC-based farmers' market (implemented in the summer of 2019 during the FMNP voucher issuance period). Content to address other modifiable determinants of cancer risk was added. To create additional opportunities for experiential and hands-on learning, monthly trips to an area farmers' market were held (between September 1, 2019 [after the WIC-based market was discontinued] and November 30, 2019 [the end of the local growing season]). The research employed an experimental design to initially test the intervention in 3 WIC agency sites (1 intervention and 2 control sites) with 297 urban, primarily Hispanic adults. Program effects on primary outcomes of vegetable intake (measured objectively using dermal carotenoids as a biomarker of intake and via self-report) and FMNP voucher redemption (objectively assessed using data provided by WIC) were examined at mid- and post-intervention (3 and 6 months post-baseline, respectively). Intervention effects on potential hypothesized mediators and the redemption of CVV at farmers' markets, participant satisfaction with the program, and the cost-effectiveness of the intervention also were examined.
The primary purpose of this study is to assess whether consuming foods from animals raised with antimicrobial medications influences gut health in adults between the ages of 21-69 years old. Antimicrobial medications are commonly used to help animals avoid infections while growing.