View clinical trials related to Diarrhea.
Filter by:Diarrhea is a common problem in the pediatric population. Children with cancer are especially at increased risk for gastrointestinal infection-related morbidity and mortality due to their ongoing immunosuppression. However, the epidemiology of diarrheal illnesses in immunocompromised children is poorly understood. In the past, many or most cases of gastroenteritis have gone undiagnosed, largely due to a lack of sensitive diagnostic tests and a presumption that a large proportion of cases are due to treatment, rather than infections. The availability of new diagnostic tests that detect many gastrointestinal pathogens simultaneously offers the first opportunity to gain a comprehensive picture of the causes of infectious diarrhea in children with cancer. Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital want to learn about the epidemiology of diarrheal diseases in pediatric oncology patients utilizing broadly multiplexed, automated PCR.
Probiotics are commercially available live bacteria thought to have health benefits when ingested. A literature review of probiotic studies in the intensive care unit (ICU) found that in patients who receive probiotics, there is a 25% reduction in lung infection, known as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). There is also an 18% reduction in the chance of developing any infection in the ICU. However, the studies reviewed were small and not well done. Therefore, whether probiotics are really helpful or not is unclear. Before a large carefully performed study is done to evaluate the effects of probiotics in critically ill patients, a pilot trial was needed. The Investigators completed a multicenter pilot RCT for which the primary outcomes relate to feasibility. Feasibility goals were met. 1) Recruitment for the Pilot was achieved in 1 year; 2) Adherence to the protocol was 96%; 3) There were no cases of contamination; 4) The VAP rate was 15%. This study is very important in the ongoing search for more effective strategies to prevent serious infection during critical illness. Probiotics may be an easy-to-use, readily available, inexpensive approach to help future critically ill patients around the world.
The objective of the study is to investigate the safety of a frozen or lyophilized inoculum administered, respectively, by retention enema or capsules in patients with recurrent C. difficile associated diarrhea (RCDAD). This is a single center, randomized, parallel assignment, open label safety study conducted in subjects with RCDAD. Fifty subjects will be enrolled in the study and randomized at 1:1 ratio to receive frozen filtered intestinal bacteria via retention enema or lyophilized donor intestinal bacteria. All subjects will be followed for a total of 3 years after study completion. Donors will be enrolled and screened at the laboratory in the Center for Infectious Diseases at University of Texas School of Public Health (UT-SPH). The donors will come from a variety of places, including the UT-SPH. At least 20 donors will be screened to recruit at least 15 qualified donors. Recipients may self-refer but must have a physician who agrees to accept care of the patient following fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Subjects consenting to treatment at Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center (BSLMC) and the UT-SPH must be willing to self-pay for the FMT in the amount of $1,500. There will be no insurance accepted. Subjects undergoing retention enema will be treated as outpatients at either at BSLMC, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, or at the Memorial Hermann in the Texas Medical Center. All subjects taking capsules with lyophilized intestinal bacteria will be seen at UT-SPH. Once the procedure is completed, the recipient's care will be returned to their physician. At least 75 recipients will be screened to recruit 50 qualified recipients. The primary endpoint is to evaluate the safety of FMT by rectal or oral routes with secondary endpoint related to efficacy prevention of RCDAD. In order to monitor any health effects for safety, participants will be contacted pre- and 7, 14, 30 days, then monthly basis for the first 90 days after FMT and quarterly till 3 years after FMT. The following procedures will be completed: review recipient diary with the recipient to ensure that the following information is recorded correctly and a fresh stool sample will be collected from recipient, tested for C. difficile toxins and an aliquot (2mL) stored at -80C for microbiome analysis. Recipients will be contacted by phone for their diarrhea status on monthly basis till 90 days after FMT, then on quarterly basis till 3 years after FMT.
Clostridium difficile is responsible for up to 25% of reported antibiotic associated diarrhea cases and virtually all cases of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). The clinical spectrum of C. difficile infection (CDI) varies in severity from asymptomatic carriage to self-limited, mild, watery diarrhea, to PMC, intestinal perforation, toxic megacolon, sepsis, fulminant colitis, and death. In the past decade, the 027/NAP1/BI strain has emerged world-wide and has been implicated in large outbreaks with increased severity, frequent recurrence, and significant mortality. The host immune responses can influence the severity of CDI and play crucial roles in CDI onset, progression, and overall prognosis. Low serum concentrations of antibodies directed against the toxins A&B of C. difficile have been associated with a higher risk of recurrence. However, there are conflicting reports.
Through a four-year grant awarded to the University of California at Los Angeles in 2009, Dr. Brennan Spiegel served as a principal investigator (PI) for a project to develop and initially validate a bank of items to assess gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms for the National Institutes of Health's (NIH's) Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). By the end of the grant period in July 2013, the project team had successfully developed and initially validated eight scales measuring the most common GI symptoms. Afterwards, Dr. Spiegel's PROMIS team joined forces with the UCLA Computing Technology Research Laboratory (CTRL) and the University of Michigan Center for Healthcare Communication Research to develop the Automated Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Symptoms (AEGIS) algorithm which is delivered via My GI Health, an open-‐source Internet based patient-provider portal (P3) designed to enhance the delivery of GI health care (www.MyGIHealth.org). Through My GI Health and AEGIS, patients are able to complete PROMIS GI symptom measures and provide additional information about their GI symptoms and histories from computers, tablets or smart phones without the constraints of physical locale. This information is condensed into a GI PROMIS scores report and initial GI history that patients' providers can review prior to or concurrent with seeing the patient. The report, which can be incorporated into the electronic health record (EHR), helps busy clinicians to quickly understand the patient's complaints, document their symptoms and GI history, and leaves more time for conversation with the patient. Beyond focusing their interaction, My GI Health also supports both the clinician and patient with an individualized "educational prescription" which guides the patient through a library of multi‐media educational materials on GI symptoms, conditions, and treatments also contained within the website. The prescription is initially created by the website based on each patient's unique GI PROMIS "fingerprint", and can be modified by the provider based on their interaction with the patient. The clinician and patient can also access the PROMIS-tailored education in the exam room to jointly review pertinent materials, including animations of normal and abnormal GI functions, further reinforcing the patients' educational experiences around the PROMIS symptoms. The aim of this current study is to validate the use of GI PROMIS in clinical practice by conducting a pragmatic clinical trial (PCT) comparing delivery of GI PROMIS on a novel e--platform vs. usual care.
This project aims to study the benefits of probiotics namely Bifidobacterium longum BB536 in prevention of acute diarrhea and/or respiratory-related illnesses, which are found common among children in Malaysia aged from 2 to 6 years.
IBS is a disorder of movement in the gut. People who have IBS may have diarrhea, constipation, or alternating bouts of both. IBS is not caused by injury or illness. Often the only way doctors can diagnose it is to rule out other conditions through testing.
The study will be conducted as a community-based, randomized, placebo-controlled, trial with four study groups. The overall objective of the study is to determine the optimal method for delivering zinc to young children, both for the prevention of zinc deficiency and treatment of diarrhea. In particular, the investigators plan to compare the impact on physical growth, morbidity, micronutrient status, immune function, environmental enteric dysfunction, parasite burden and hair cortisol concentration of: 1) daily preventive zinc supplementation as a micronutrient powder (MNP); 2) placebo powders; 3) daily preventive zinc supplementation as dispersible tablets; 4) therapeutic zinc supplementation as dispersible tablets given in relation to episodes of diarrhea. In addition to the major outcomes mentioned above, the investigators will monitor adherence to the interventions, neuro-behavioral development, and the occurrence of any adverse events.
The effect of large scale handwashing and hygiene promotion campaigns on handwashing behaviour, diarrhoea and respiratory infections is not known. While Intensive small scale interventions have achieved improvements in handwashing behaviour and reductions in diarrhoea and respiratory infections, it is not clear whether realistic and scalable interventions delivered across large areas achieve effects large enough to be of public health interest. The Unilever "School of 5" Lifebuoy campaign is such a scalable intervention that is being rolled out across the state of Bihar during 2015 to 2017. The proposed study aims at evaluation the effect of this campaign on handwashing behaviour in school aged children and their mothers, and on diarrhoea and respiratory infections in the same children and their younger siblings.
To observe the safety and efficacy of moxibustion on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and evaluation by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Event related potential (ERP).