Mini-dose Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Infusion and Perioperative Sleep Quality

Dexmedetomidine Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effect of Mini-dose Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Infusion on Sleep Quality in Older Patients Undergoing Knee or Hip Replacement Surgery: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05950646
• Other study ID #: 2023-239
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: Phase 4
• Start date: November 1, 2023
• Est. completion date: December 2027

Study information

• Verified date: November 2023
• Source: Peking University First Hospital
• Contact: Dong-Xin Wang, MD,PhD
• Phone: 86 10 83572784
• Email: wangdongxin[@]hotmail.com
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Sleep disturbances are prevalent in older patients with osteoarthrosis or fracture who are scheduled for knee or hip replacement surgery. The occurrence of sleep disturbances is associated with worse outcomes including increased risk of delirium and cardiac events, and worsened functional recovery. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist with sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic properties. It exerts sedative effects via activating the endogenous sleep pathways and produces a state like non-rapid eye movement sleep, which is different from opioid- and benzodiazepine-induced sedation. Esketamine is a N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist and has been used as an anesthetic and analgesic. Recent studies showed that low-dose esketamine has anti-depressive and sleep-promoting effects. The investigators suppose that mini-dose dexmedetomidine-esketamine combined infusion at night can improve perioperative sleep quality in patients scheduled for knee or hip replacement surgery.

Description:

Sleep is a naturally recurring state characterized by lowered consciousness, reduced sensory and voluntary activity, and inhibited interaction with surroundings. Normal sleep has a particular structure and a significant circadian rhythm, and is vital for both physical and mental health. Evidence shows that the restorative effect of sleep may be a consequence of the enhanced removal of potentially neurotoxic waste products like β-amyloid or tau protein via the glymphatic system in the neurological system. Sleep disturbances frequently occur in elderly patients with chronic pain and complicated comorbidity. A meta-analysis shows that in adults, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, percentage of slow-wave sleep, and percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep significantly decrease, while sleep latency, percentage of stage 1 non-REM sleep, percentage of stage 2 non-REM sleep, and wake after sleep onset significantly increase with ageing. Coexisting disease such as asthma and obstructive sleep apnea are also associated with poorer sleep quality, as manifested by increased stage 1 and 2 non-REM sleep, and decreased REM sleep. Furthermore, pain and sleep disturbances are closely correlated, and sleep disturbances frequently accompany pain from osteoarthritis (OA) or fracture in elderly patients who are scheduled for knee or hip arthroplasty. Sleep disturbances are common after major surgery owing to preoperative comorbidity, residual anesthetic effects, surgical trauma, postoperative pain, use of analgesics, and hospital environment. Patients may report shortened total sleep time, increased number of arousals/awakenings, lowered subjective sleep quality, and sometimes nightmares. Polysomnographic monitoring reveals sleep deprivation, sleep fragmentation, altered sleep architecture (increased light sleep, decreased or disappeared deep and rapid eye movement sleep), and disordered circadian rhythm. Considering the importance of normal sleep for human health, it is not surprising that sleep disturbances may produce harmful effects on patients' recovery. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests that sleep disturbances are associated with increased sensitivity to pain, higher inflammation, more delirium, more cardiovascular events, and prolonged hospital stay. Dexmedetomidine, an α2 adrenoceptor agonist with both sedative and analgesic properties, has increasingly been used. Unlike other sedative agents, dexmedetomidine exerts its sedative effects through an endogenous sleep-promoting pathway and preserves sleep architecture to some degree. In a recent study of mechanically ventilated ICU patients, nighttime infusion of a sedative dose of dexmedetomidine (median infusion rate 0.6 μg/kg/h [interquartile range, 0.4 to 0.7]) helped preserve the circadian of sleep and improved the sleep architecture by increasing sleep efficiency and stage 2 non-REM sleep. In our previous study of non-mechanically ventilated ICU patients, nighttime infusion of low-dose of dexmedetomidine (0.1 μg/kg/h) improved the sleep architecture by increasing sleep efficiency and stage 2 non-REM sleep. Our subsequent large randomized controlled trial showed that low-dose night-time infusion of dexmedetomidine improved sleep and decreased the incidence of delirium. Esketamine is a N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist and has been used as an anesthetic and analgesic. Recent studies showed that low-dose esketamine has anti-depressive and sleep-promoting effects. We suppose that, for older patients with osteoarthrosis or fracture who are scheduled for knee or hip replacement surgery, nighttime infusion of mini-dose dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination starting from the preoperative night and continuing in the postoperative period may improve sleep quality and postoperative recovery.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 154
• Est. completion date: December 2027
• Est. primary completion date: December 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 65 Years to 90 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age =65 years and <90 years;
• Scheduled to undergo unilateral knee or hip arthroplasty.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Refuse to participate;
• Hypnotic therapy for sleep disorders within 3 months;
• Preoperative history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or myasthenia gravis;
• Diagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea, or at high risk of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea according to the Stop-Bang questionnaire;
• Inability to communicate in the preoperative period because of coma, profound dementia, or language barrier;
• Sick sinus syndrome, severe sinus bradycardia (heart rate <50 beats/min), or atrioventricular block above grade II without pacemaker implanted;
• Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), renal dysfunction (required preoperative dialysis), or expected survival =24 hours;
• Receiving treatment with dexmedetomidine, clonidine, or esketamine;
• Allergy to dexmedetomidine or esketamine.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Dexmedetomidine
• Esketamine
• Hip Replacement Surgery
• Knee Replacement Surgery
• Old Age
• Sleep Quality

Intervention

Drug:
• Dexmedetomidine
Dexmedetomidine will be infused at a rate of 0.01 ml/ kg/h (0.02 µg/kg/h) from 8 pm in the night before surgery until 8 am in the third morning after surgery.
• Esketamine
Esketamine will be infused at a rate of 0.01 ml/ kg/h (5 µg/kg/h) from 8 pm in the night before surgery until 8 am in the third morning after surgery.
• Normal saline
Normal saline will be infused at a rate of 0.01 ml/ kg/h from 8 pm in the night before surgery until 8 am in the third morning after surgery.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
China	Beijing Hospital	Beijing	Beijing
China	Peking University First Hospital	Beijing	Beijing

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Peking University First Hospital	Beijing Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

China, 

References & Publications (41)

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* Note: There are 41 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Cerebrospinal fluid and blood proteomics examination (selected patients).	Cerebrospinal fluid and blood sample will be collected. Deep proteome analysis will be performed to detect protein biomarkers including amyloid-beta, total tau, and phosphorylated tau.	During anesthesia.
Other	Intensity of pain during the first 5 postoperative days.	Intensity of pain will be assessed twice after surgery with the Numeric Rating Scale (an 11- point scale where 0 indicates no pain and 10 the worst pain).	Up to 5 days after surgery.
Other	Use of supplemental analgesics	Include opioids and non-opioid analgesics.	Up to 5 days after surgery.
Other	The incidence of delirium within 5 days after surgery.	Delirium is assessed twice daily (8:00-10:00 am and 6:00-8:00 pm) with the 3-minute diagnostic interview for Confusion Assessment Method-defined delirium (3D-CAM).	Up to 5 days after surgery.
Other	Length of stay in hospital after surgery.	Length of stay in hospital after surgery.	Up to 30 days after surgery.
Other	Occurrence of non-delirium complications within 30 days after surgery.	Indicated new-onset conditions other than delirium that required therapeutic intervention within 30 days after surgery.	Up to 30 days after surgery.
Other	Subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) at 3 months after surgery.	Subjective sleep quality at 30 days after surgery will be assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. This is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval. Nineteen individual items generate seven "component" scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. The sum of scores for these seven components yields one global score.	At the end of the 3rd month after surgery.
Other	Cognitive function at 3 months after surgery.	Cognitive function is assessed with the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status.	At the end of the 3rd month after surgery.
Other	Health related quality of life at 3 months after surgery.	Health related quality of life is assessed with the short-form 36-item health survey questionnaire (SF-36). The SF-36 scale measures eight aspects of health status, i.e., physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, and mental health. It also measures changes of subjective healthy status during the last year (reported health transition). The scores of the above 9 items are calculated separately with scores range from 0 to 100, with higher score indicating better quality.	At the end of the 3rd month after surgery.
Primary	Subjective sleep quality in the night of surgery.	Subjective sleep quality will be assessed in the next morning (between 8:00 am to 10:00 am) with the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ). The RCSQ is a self-reported measure that evaluated perception of nighttime sleep in five items, including sleep depth, sleep latency, number of awakenings, returning to sleep, and overall sleep quality. Each item was assessed with a 100-millimeter visual analog scale (score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores representing better sleep). The mean score of the five items represents the overall RCSQ score.	The night on the day of surgery.
Secondary	Total sleep time per night during the perioperative period.	Objective sleep quality will be monitored with the SOMNOtouch NIBP (Somnomedics GmbH, Randersacker, Germany) from 8:00 pm to 8:00 am from the night before surgery until the fifth night after surgery. Total sleep time is defined as the sum in time scored as asleep.	From the night before surgery until the second night after surgery.
Secondary	Sleep efficiency per night during the perioperative period.	Objective sleep quality will be monitored with SOMNOtouch NIBP (Somnomedics GmbH, Randersacker, Germany) from 8:00 pm to 8:00 am from the night before surgery until the fifth night after surgery. Sleep efficiency is defined as the ratio of total sleep time/time in bed.	From the night before surgery until the second night after surgery.
Secondary	Sleep onset latency per night during the perioperative period.	Objective sleep quality will be monitored with SOMNOtouch NIBP (Somnomedics GmbH, Randersacker, Germany) from 8:00 pm to 8:00 am from the night before surgery until the fifth night after surgery. Sleep onset latency is defined as time difference between time to bed and sleep start.	From the night before surgery until the second night after surgery.
Secondary	Wake after sleep onset per night during the perioperative period.	Objective sleep quality will be monitored with SOMNOtouch NIBP (Somnomedics GmbH, Randersacker, Germany) from 8:00 pm to 8:00 am from the night before surgery until the fifth night after surgery. Wake after sleep onset is defined as the total time scored as awake between sleep start and sleep end.	From the night before surgery until the second night after surgery.
Secondary	Subjective sleep quality during the perioperative period.	Subjective sleep quality will be assessed daily in the next morning (between 8:00 am to 10:00 am) using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).	From the night before surgery until the fifth night after surgery.