View clinical trials related to Decision Making.
Filter by:Suppose that observers are trying to classify a spot on the skin as normal or abnormal and suppose that the two attributes that are important are the color and shape of the spot. The investigators have found that perceptual decisions of this short are shaped by the prevalence of the target abnormality and by the feedback that observers (Os) receive. If abnormal spots are rare (low prevalence), Os will tend to become more conservative about calling spots abnormal. In this experiment, Os see items defined by color and shape. They are looking for one combination (bumpy green). Bumpy green targets can be common (50% prevalence) or rare (10%). Os in one group will get feedback about their responses based on color. The other group will receive feedback based on shape. The investigators will look for effects of prevalence and of the type of feedback. The goal is to better understand perceptual decisions in settings like clinical evaluation of skin lesions.
This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of the Problem Solving and Decision Making Training program, which was developed to enhance the problem-solving and decision-making skills of nurse managers at the lower, middle, and upper levels, by the subordinates and superiors of nurse managers. To assess the problem-solving and decision-making skills of nurse managers as perceived by their subordinates, the Problem-Solving Inventory-Managerial Version (PSI-MV) and Decision-Making Styles Scale-Managerial Version (DMSS-MV) underwent adaptation, validity, and reliability studies. These studies aimed to enable the evaluation of nurse managers' problem-solving and decision-making abilities from the perspective of their subordinates.
The aim is to investigate potential barriers to informed decision making in a breast cancer screening context. This is a necessary step prior to developing and investigating improved information or decision aids in a Danish breast cancer screening context.
Imagine that a dermatologist spends the morning seeing patients who have been referred for suspicion of skin cancer. Many of them do, in fact, have skin lesions that require treatment. For this set of patients, disease 'prevalence' would be high. Suppose that the next task is to spend the afternoon giving annual screening exams to members of the general population. Here disease prevalence will be low. Would the morning's work influence decisions about patients in the afternoon? It is known from other contexts that recent history can influence current decisions and that target prevalence has an impact on decisions. In this study, decisions were decisions about skin lesions from individuals with varying degrees of expertise, using an online, medical imaging labelling app (DiagnosUs). This allowed examination of the effects of feedback history and prevalence in a single study. Blocks of trials could be of low or high prevalence, with or without feedback. Over 300,000 individual judgements were collected. (taken from Wolfe, J. M. (2022). How one block of trials influences the next: Persistent effects of disease prevalence and feedback on decisions about images of skin lesions in a large online study. . Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications (CRPI), 7, 10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-022-00362-0
To test competing sets of information for consumers on how to interpret hypothetical SARS-CoV-2 home test kit results and whether they report plans to take CDC-recommended actions to protect themselves and others given their test results and two critical aspects of their clinical context: symptoms, recent close exposures. Participants will be randomized to receive either information from the FDA authorized Ellume home test kit (the first kit authorized for over the counter use) for what actions to take for a negative or positive COVID-19 test (usual care) or a decision science-based design of similar length (intervention).
Based on an American study by Scherer et al., it is hypothesized that some women will make irrational choices regarding their participation in mammography screening. Therefore, the aim is to estimate the prevalence of Danish women having an irrational preference for mammography screening even when it confers no benefits, but only harms.
The goal of this application is to gain a deeper understanding of decision-making for genetic testing and identify effective choice-architecture-based strategies to improve decisions in genetic testing. The investigators hypothesize that choice architecture (i.e. framing) affects decision-making for hypothetical genetic testing scenarios.
Variation in organ donation after brain death (DBD) per million population varies markedly between countries, within country regions, between and within intensive care units (ICU). These circumstances also apply to end-of-life decisions in the ICU. The investigators studied all ICU deaths in Sweden between 2014-2017 in ICUs that, as routine, registered treatment plan (no treatment limitation and/or treatment limitation) and DBD. The investigators hypothesized that ICUs with high proportion of treatment limitation (withholding or withdrawing life sustaining treatment) also had less proportion of DBD.
The Preemie Prep for Parents (P3) mobile intervention will be tested in an outpatient population of pregnant women at risk of preterm birth and their partners. The study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing knowledge and preparedness for decision making between a group receiving the P3 texts and videos and a group receiving links to American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) prematurity patient education handouts.
Introduction: Clinical practice guidelines recommend shared decision making (SDM) to facilitate goals-of-care discussions. This study will train clinicians about how to use a context-adapted decision aid (DA) and SDM to conduct goals-of-care discussions with the elderly. The objectives of this study are to: 1) determine if the use of the DA and SDM training program: a) increase clinicians' engagement of patients in decision making regarding their goals of care; b) increase adoption of evidence-based behaviours regarding goals-of-care decision making; and 2) identify patients' most frequent incomprehension, concerns, questions and clinicians' opportunities to improve the skills in goals-of-care decision making. Methods: This study will have three phases. Phase I (May-June 2017) will be a baseline evaluation of the current goals-of-care decision making process with elderly patients in a single ICU setting (Levis, Quebec). Phase II (July-August 2017) will be an evaluation of the goals-of-care decision making process in the same ICU using a DA. Phase III (September-December 2017) will be the delivery of an online and in-person training session about the use of the DA and about how to conduct discussions about goals-of-care. The study will then evaluate the goals-of-care decision making process after completion of the training program and using the DA. The investigators will observe and audio- or video-record all eligible elderly-intensivist dyads discussing goals of care during each phase. Two investigators will analyse the recordings using the OPTION 12 scale (measuring the extent that clinicians engage patients in SDM) and the ACCEPT quality indicators (measuring the extent to which intensivists engage in best practice goals-of-care discussions). The investigators will conduct qualitative content analysis of the video and audio records to identify patients' most frequent incomprehension, concerns, questions and clinicians' opportunities to improve the goals-of-care decision-making skills. Deliverables: This study will produce evidence regarding the impact of a context-adapted DA and training program on clinicians' adoption of SDM and other best practice behaviors regarding goals-of-care decision making with the elderly, and evidence regarding the most frequent patients' incomprehension, concerns, questions and clinicians' opportunities to improve the goals-of-care decision-making skills.