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NCT ID: NCT04794218 Active, not recruiting - Lassa Fever Clinical Trials

A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of rVSV∆G-LASV-GPC Vaccine in Adults in Good General Heath

Start date: June 23, 2021
Phase: Phase 1
Study type: Interventional

A Phase 1 Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Dose-escalation Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of rVSV∆G-LASV-GPC Vaccine in Adults in Good General Health

NCT ID: NCT04704674 Active, not recruiting - Malaria Clinical Trials

Community Dynamics of Malaria Transmission in Humans and Mosquitoes in Fleh-la and Marshansue, Salala District, Bong County, Liberia

Start date: September 30, 2021
Phase:
Study type: Observational

Background: Malaria is a disease that affects many people in Liberia. It is caused by germs (parasites) that are spread by mosquito bites. Researchers want to gather data that may help them understand the best way to use a malaria vaccine in Liberia, which will be important in getting rid of the disease. Objective: To find out how often people of all ages who live in Fleh-la and Marshansue, Liberia, get malaria. Eligibility: Healthy people ages 6 months and older who live in Fleh-la and Marshansue in a household with adults and children. Design: Participants will be screened with a physical exam and questions about their health. Participants will have monthly study visits. They will be asked about any symptoms of malaria and their use of bednets. Their vital signs, such as blood pressure and temperature, will be checked. Blood will be taken from the participant s arm or finger with a needle. If they have a fever, they will get a malaria test. If positive, they will get drugs to treat malaria. Once a month, participants houses will be examined for mosquitoes. The team will remove all mosquitoes they collect. As part of this collection, participants houses will be sprayed with a chemical to kill mosquitoes and other insects. Participants will not be allowed in their house while the team is inside. The spray will not harm the participants. Once a year, at the monthly visit, an additional blood sample will be taken. Some of the participants blood samples will be used for genetic testing. Participation will last for up to 3 years.

NCT ID: NCT04101487 Completed - Malnutrition, Child Clinical Trials

Cash Transfers to Increase Dietary Diversity in Grand Gedeh County, Liberia

Start date: October 15, 2019
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

The investigators aim to evaluate the efficacy of a cash transfer and nutrition education program delivered by community health assistants to increase dietary diversity among children 6 to 23 months of age in Grand Gedeh County, Liberia.

NCT ID: NCT03756467 Recruiting - Adolescent Behavior Clinical Trials

Girl Empower: Studying the Impact of Mentorship, Asset Building, Caregiver Discussion Groups, and Cash Transfers on Reducing Girl's Vulnerability to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse

Start date: July 12, 2017
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

Girl Empower (GE) is a program designed to equip girls with the skills and experiences necessary to make healthy, strategic life choices and to stay safe from sexual exploitation and abuse.

NCT ID: NCT03733093 Active, not recruiting - HIV Clinical Trials

PREVAIL VIII: A CoHOrt Clinical, Viral, and ImmuNOlogic Monitoring Study of People Living With Retroviral Infection in Liberia (HONOR)

Start date: August 22, 2019
Phase:
Study type: Observational

Background: There are many people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Liberia. Most experts consider HIV an epidemic there. Researchers want to collect health data from Liberians with HIV over several years. This may help HIV prevention and treatment programs in Liberia. Objective: To learn more about how HIV affects people in Liberia. Eligibility: People with HIV in Liberia Design: Participants will be screened with a blood sample. Participants will visit the study clinic about 10 times over 3 years. They will need to return to the clinic after some visits to get test results. The visits will be closer together during the first part of the study and less frequent later. At each study visit, participants will: - Have a brief physical exam - Answer questions about how they are feeling and what medicines they are taking - Have blood taken from an arm vein by a needle - Give urine samples Participants ages 12 years or older may be asked questions about HIV risk behaviors. These include sex practices and drug use. Participants ages 18 years or older may be asked how their HIV infection makes them feel emotionally. Participants may be asked to join a research substudy. This will be about tuberculosis (TB) testing in people with HIV. For this substudy, participants will have a TB skin test. A small amount of liquid will be injected under the skin on the arm. Participants will return to the clinic a few days later. The test area will be checked. They will get their test results.

NCT ID: NCT03719599 Completed - Malaria Clinical Trials

Plasmodium and Other Parasites in Pregnant Women and Children Around Margibi and Montserrado Counties, Liberia

Start date: October 1, 2019
Phase:
Study type: Observational

Background: The disease malaria affects many people in Liberia and other parts of Africa. It is caused by germs that are spread by mosquito bites. It may be mild but can be serious or can lead to death if not diagnosed and treated. Children younger than 5 years old and pregnant women are most at risk of malaria. Worms also infect many people in Liberia. They can be caused by mosquito bites or by touching soil or still water. Worm infections can be mild or serious. Doctors in Liberia and their NIH partners want to learn more about these diseases in women and children. Objective: To measure how much malaria and worm infections there are in pregnant women and children in two counties of Liberia. Eligibility: Pregnant women ages 18 and older and children ages 6 12 months seeking routine care at C.H. Rennie Hospital or the Duport Road Health Center Design: Participants will be screened with questions about their health or their child s health. Participants will be asked further questions about their health and about their home life. Participants will give a small amount of blood by finger prick. This will be tested to see if they have malaria or some types of worms, and for research studies. Participants who are sick from malaria will be treated at a study clinic. Treatment will follow standards of the Liberia and/or the World Health Organization.

NCT ID: NCT03683745 Recruiting - Leprosy Clinical Trials

Integrated Mapping of Skin-presenting Neglected Tropical Diseases in Liberia

Start date: June 14, 2018
Phase:
Study type: Observational

Appropriate targeting of interventions for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that require innovative and intensified disease management (IDM) requires accurate data on the distribution of these diseases within endemic countries. In most instances however, existing case register data generated through national health management information systems or during programmatic activities do not provide an accurate representation of the true burden of IDM NTDs. This study will pilot a cluster randomized screening and confirmation survey to estimate the burden of IDM NTDs characterised by skin conditions associated with long-term disfigurement and disability. These include: leprosy, Buruli ulcer, yaws and lymphoedema and hydrocele resulting from lymphatic filariasis. The survey is being conducted in one county in Liberia. The protocol involves community-level screening by community health volunteers trained to use photo-based visual aids to recognise changes in the skin that broadly indicates patent infection. All suspected cases will be verified in their homes by local and national experts trained in the diagnosis of skin-presenting NTDs. The survey will generate accurate district-level prevalence estimates of leprosy, yaws, Buruli ulcer and lymphatic filariasis-associated lymphoedema and hydrocele and quantify the total costs and cost per case detected. In addition, results from this protocol will be compared with routinely collected case register data, to better understand how health system records reflect the true disease situation on the ground and quantify unmet need.

NCT ID: NCT03400930 Completed - Clinical trials for Severe Acute Malnutrition

Biomedical Investigations for Optimized Diagnosis and Monitoring of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM): Elucidating the Heterogeneous Diagnosis of SAM by Current Anthropometric Criteria and Moving Beyond

OptiDiag
Start date: January 1, 2017
Phase:
Study type: Observational

INTRODUCTION In 2014, 50 million children under 5 suffered from acute malnutrition, of which 16 million suffered from SAM, most of them living in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. SAM children have higher risk of mortality (relative risk between 5 and 20). It is an underlying factor in over 50% of the 10 - 11 million preventable deaths per year among children under five. At present, 65 countries have implemented WHO recommendations for SAM treatment (both in-patient for complicated cases and outpatient for uncomplicated cases) but these programs have very low coverage, reaching only around 10 - 15 % of SAM children. In 2009 the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) issued a joint statement in an effort to harmonize the application of anthropometric criteria for SAM diagnosis and monitoring in child aged 6 - 59 months; the statement presents recommended cut-offs, and summarizes the rational for the adoption, of the following two anthropometric criteria: 1. Weight-for-Height Z-Score (WHZ): "WHO and UNICEF recommend the use of a cut-off for weight-for-height of below -3 standard deviations (SD) of the WHO standards to identify infants and children as having SAM." Additionally, analysis of existing data show that children with a WHZ < -3 have a highly elevated risk of death. 2. Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC): "WHO standards for the MUAC-for-age show that in a well-nourished population there are very few children aged 6 - 59 months with a MUAC less than 115 mm. Children with a MUAC less than 115 mm have a highly elevated risk of death compared to those who are above. Thus it is recommended to [use] the cut-off point [of] 115 mm to define SAM with MUAC." GENERAL OBJECTIVE To generate new evidence on pathophysiological process, nutritional needs and risks associated with different types of anthropometric deficits in children under 5, in order to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of SAM. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES - To compare nutritional status, metabolism, pathophysiological process and risks in different types of SAM anthropometric diagnosis, with or without concomitant stunting (growth retardation). - To analyze the extent to which current SAM treatment is promoting recovery and healthy growth in different categories of children. - To evaluate the relevance of current discharge criteria used in nutrition programs and their association with metabolic recovery, in different age groups and among those who are stunted. - To test novel rapid tests of emerging biomarkers predicting long-term outcomes and mortality risk in the field. METHODOLOGY A wide range of supplementary information related to nutritional status, body composition, metabolic and immune status, including emerging biomarkers of metabolic deprivation and vulnerability, will be collected besides anthropometry during prospective observational studies. They will be collected with minimum level of invasiveness, compatible with field work requirements in the humanitarian context. Phase 1: Cross-sectional surveys. Phase 2: Prospective cohort studies involving SAM children between 6 months and 5 years old. Children admitted as SAM at the nutrition centers will be enrolled into the cohort. The follow up duration will be at least three months. EXPECTED OUTCOMES - Confirmation of current hypotheses related to: 1. possible misdiagnosis of SAM made by MUAC or WHZ criteria, 2. varying degree of severity and need for admission to treatment of the different types of diagnosis, 3. underlying heterogeneity of the pathophysiology. - Generation of new algorithms for the assessment and classification of malnourished children, based on the combined use of emerging biomarkers and anthropometric measures, or on the modification of anthropometric criteria. - Generation of new treatment paradigms based on the predictive value of biomarkers in combination with traditional anthropometric measures. This will enable us to assess the power of current treatment regimens to promote long-term weight gain and growth and will allow us to tailor treatment to the physiological needs of the child.

NCT ID: NCT03309020 Completed - Cataract Clinical Trials

PREVAIL VII: Cataract Surgery in Ebola Survivors

Start date: September 21, 2017
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

Objective: Zaire ebolavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus associated with high morbidity and mortality. The most recent epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa resulted in over 11,000 deaths and disabling sequelae among survivors, among which eye complications are highly represented. Chronic intraocular inflammation and viral persistence may result in posterior synechiae and cataract formation, resulting in loss of visual acuity and requiring surgical intervention to resolve. Approximately one out of ten Ebola survivors present with cataract, most of whom will require intraocular surgery during their lifetime, and many of whom require intervention in the near future to regain quality of life. For survivors who are blind from cataract, cataract extraction is necessary to restore visual function, allow reintegration into society and facilitate performance of activities of daily living. However, surgical parameters among Ebola survivors are unknown, including whether Ebola viral RNA persists in aqueous humor, whether additional anti-inflammatory medication is needed, and the expected degree of improvement in visual function. Moreover, sites of viral persistence are unknown, and it is unclear if lens tissues removed during cataract surgery may harbor virus in Ebola-affected eyes. We propose following EVD survivors and control subjects undergoing cataract surgery to determine visual outcomes among Ebola survivors and explore detection of the presence of virus in lens tissues. The data will inform both future surgical intervention and aid in the understanding of the pathophysiology of Ebola-associated eye disease. Study Population: Up to 60 Ebola survivors and up to 60 controls will be enrolled. The accrual ceiling is 120 participants. Design: This is a prospective, natural history study to evaluate the persistence of Ebola viral RNA in the eyes of Ebola survivors and assess the response to cataract surgery in survivors as compared to controls. EVD survivors will first undergo assessment of aqueous humor for the presence of viral RNA. Survivors testing negative for viral RNA and control subjects will undergo clinically indicated cataract surgery. Subjects will be evaluated 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after surgery for safety and visual outcome assessments, and more often as clinically indicated. Outcome Measures: The primary outcomes are: 1) the proportion of EVD survivors with evidence of persistence of Ebola viral RNA in ocular tissue and 2) the comparison of amount of intraocular inflammation, as measured by average grade of anterior chamber cell by SUN criteria, between EVD survivors and controls at 1 month and 3 months following cataract surgery. Secondary outcomes include: 1) the proportion of survivors with at least 20/40 best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after cataract surgery, relative to controls; 2) impact of the covariates age and gender on viral persistence and cataract outcomes; 3) post-operative optical coherence tomography results in EVD survivors.

NCT ID: NCT03098862 Completed - Ebola Virus Disease Clinical Trials

PREVAIL VI: Identification of Host Genetic Factors Underlying Ebola Virus Disease Risk, Mortality, Long-term Sequelae, Viral RNA Persistence, Humoral Immunity, and Ebola Vaccine Response

Start date: September 4, 2017
Phase:
Study type: Observational

Background: Genes are instructions that tell the body how to work and grow. They can affect how the body responds to infection. Researchers want to learn more about genes that affect how the body responds to the Ebola virus. Some people with Ebola get very sick and die. Others do not. The research may lead to better treatments for Ebola virus and other germs. Objective: To look for genes that may be related to a person s chance of getting very sick after coming in contact with the Ebola virus. Eligibility: People at least 3 years of age who either: Had Ebola Had close contact with someone who had Ebola Were in an Ebola vaccine study Design: Participants will have a small amount of blood taken from an arm vein by a needle. Researchers will collect participants data from other vaccine studies they may have been in. Participants may be asked questions about their health and social history. Some participants will have their blood tested for the infection syphilis and HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Participants will be told the results and will get help finding care, if necessary. Some participants will have their blood sample tested to see if they have had Ebola in the past. Blood samples will be stored for future research. They will be marked with a code but not with participants names.