Correlation of Pelvic Floor Muscle Evaluation Methods Clinical Trial
Official title:
Relationship Among Vaginal Palpation, Vaginal Squeeze Pressure and Dynamometry of Nulliparous Pelvic Floor Muscles
The aim of this study is to determine if there is a correlation between digital palpation, perineometry and dynamometry as PFM function evaluation methods in nulliparous without pelvic floor dysfunction.
Study design - this study was conducted in Cinesiofunctional Performance Laboratory Pelvic
and Women's Health at the Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), the volunteers were
recruited from December 2014 to July 2015. This is an observational, cross-sectional and
comparative study, the sample consisted of 141 nulliparous women (non-pregnant nulliparous
or primigravids). All volunteer shave signed an informed consent and the study was approved
by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Uberlandia (No.1067162/2014). Female
students of UFU were invited by personal contact to participate in the study. The
primigravids were participants in the Prenatal Program of the public health system in
Uberlandia city and they have also been invited by personal contact. Inclusion criterion for
volunteers were: never have passed for childbirth situation,ability to contract correctly
the PFM and without urogynecological complaints. Exclusion criterion were: history of
previous pelvic surgery, without previous sexual intercourse, and present neuromuscular
diseases. The experient examiner, with expertise in PFM evaluation conducted the
evaluations. After checking that they were eligible to participate in the survey,
participants were asked to empty the bladder and to remain in the supine position on an
appropriate bed with hips and knees flexed and maintaining the lumbar spine in neutral
position.The PFM assessment was performed by vaginal palpation, vaginal squeeze pressure and
dynamometry. The vaginal palpation and vaginal squeeze pressure are widely used in research
involving the female pelvic floor and many studies have shown its reproducibility and
validity(10, 11, 12, 13). The measurements performed with a dynamometer in this study were
similar to the study of Martinho et al(4) which used the same instrument and have
demonstrated reproducibility of the assessment method. During all PFM assessments, the
volunteer was advised to stay relaxed and breathing normally. To be considered valid, the
cranial elevation movement was observed by the examiner, as well as the absence of visible
contractions of the adductor, muscles of the hip, gluteal muscles or abdominals. Strong
verbal command was adopted to request the PFM contraction in all exams.
Assessments began after explaining how to perform the PFM contraction. The vaginal palpation
was always the first exam to check the PFM contraction ability and then the order of vaginal
squeeze pressure exam and dynamometry was randomized.
The PFM assessment by digital palpation was performed as proposed by Laycock and Jerwood.
The physiotherapist introduced the index and middle fingers about 4 cm inside the vagina,
and requested to hold the maximum contraction of the PFM, according to the instruction of a
movement "inward and up" with the greatest possible strength. Muscle function was classified
by the Oxford Scale Modified, which varies from zero (absence of muscle contraction) to five
(strong contraction). The vaginal squeeze pressure was measured through Peritron equipment
(Cardio Design Pty Ltd, Oakleigh, Victoria, Australia) equipped with a vaginal probe that
has been covered with a non-lubricated condom and then the probe was lubricated with
hypoallergenic gel. The probe sensor was connected to a microprocessor hand with a latex
tube, which allows the measurement of nip pressure in centimeters of water (cmH2O). To
obtain the measurements, the subjects remained positioning and vaginal sensor was introduced
approximately 3.5cm into the vaginal cavity. Then the device was inflated to 100cmH2O
(calibration). The female volunteers were oriented and motivated verbally to perform three
voluntary maximal contractions sustained for five seconds and one minute interval between
them. The correct contraction was checked visually by the physiotherapist. All volunteers
were instructed to avoid using the abdominal muscles, gluteal and hip adductor. For
statistical analysis, the investigator used the peak pressure provided by the equipment. The
PFM contraction strength was assessed by vaginal dynamometer EMG System do Brasil (model DFV
020.101/10). It is cylindrical in shape (9.5 cm in length and 3.3 cm in diameter), made of
steel and is equipped with a load cell 2 cm from its base, which can measure anteroposterior
unidirectional compressive strength in Kg/force (Kgf). The equipment was previously coated
with a condom and lubricated with hypoallergenic gel, which was inserted into the vaginal
cavity with the load cell positioned so that it could capture the anteroposterior
compression strength. The participant was asked to perform three maximal voluntary PFM
contractions for eight seconds with a rest period of 30 seconds between the contractions.
The same precautions for correct contraction were adopted. The best value of maximum
strength (difference between the highest and lowest strength in Kgf) was used for
statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for
Social Sciences software (SPSSV17, Chicago, IL). Data normality was tested by the
Shapiro-Wilk test.
To verify the correlation between the variables, the Pearson correlation test was used.
Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. The correlation values were interpreted
according to the following guidelines: 0.00 - 0.19= no to slight; 0.20-0.39= mild;
0.40-0.69= moderate; 0.70-0.89= high and 0.90-1.00= very high. Data were expressed as mean
and standard deviation (SD).
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Time Perspective: Prospective