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Filter by:Chronic ankle instability (CAI) results in neuromuscular impairments compromising balance, lumbopelvic stability, and hip strength. Balance training has proven to be an effective intervention for individuals with CAI. Additionally, unilateral balance training for those with CAI has previously led to cross-education effects in which the untrained limb exhibited improved balance performance. However, the ability of unilateral balance training to improve contralateral hip strength and lumbopelvic stability in those with CAI is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the cross-education effects of balance training on hip strength and lumbopelvic stability in individuals with CAI. Thirty individuals with CAI will be randomized into control (CON) and balance (BAL) groups. Baseline testing include a unilateral hip bridge, hip strength, and balance tests of the uninvolved limb. For the unilateral hip bridge, the participant will hold a bridge through the test limb for maximum time. Isometric hip strength will be measured for external rotation (ER), extension (EXT), and abduction (ABD) using a handheld dynamometer. The star excursion balance test (SEBT) requires participants to maintain a single-leg stance while reaching for maximum distance with the opposite leg in three directions: anterior (SEBT-ANT), posterolateral (SEBT-PL), and posteromedial (SEBT-PM). The BAL group will participate in a progressive balance training program three times a week for eight weeks for the involved limb, whereas CON will not. All baseline measures will be reassessed at the end of the 8 weeks. Separate 2-way repeated measures ANOVAs will analyze the effects of group and time on each outcome. Additionally, each group's mean changes from baseline to post-intervention will be assessed with Cohen's d effect sizes. Statistical significance is set a priori at P<0.05.
Study Design This prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken between November 2023 and March 2024. Written and verbal informed consent was obtained from all patients. The study protocol was approved by University Human Research Ethics Committee (AEŞH-EK 1-2023-612). Patients While 106 patients who applied to the City Hospital Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic with heel pain that had been present for at least six months, received foot radiography and were diagnosed with PF were included in the study as a patient group; 100 patients who did not have foot pain and had musculoskeletal pain for at least 6 months were included in the study as a control group, between November 2023 and March 2024. All the participants were aged 18 to 65 years. Patients with a history of diabetes, hypothyroidism and CKD, a history of malignancy, with vasculitis, neurological diseases that may cause neuropathic pain, lumbar discopathy, those with a previous history of fracture or surgery in the heel area, received injections or ESWT treatment due to heel pain in the last 3 months, rheumatic diseases that may affect pain such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, fibromyalgia, and severe circulatory disorders on the side with pain, were excluded from the study. The study was commenced after obtaining the approval of the local ethics committee and informed consent of the participants. All patients' personal information (age, gender, occupation, education information), general health information (smoking and alcohol use information, known chronic disease history, body mass index), severity of heel pain and when it started were recorded. While the Foot Function Index (FFI) scale, which evaluates the functionality of the foot, was applied to the patient group; the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), which evaluates pain intensity, the Pain-DETECT scale, which evaluates neuropathic pain, and the Central Sensitization Scale (CSI), which evaluates central sensitization, were applied to the patient and control groups. The details of the implementation of the instruments are as follows:
This R21 provides a multidisciplinary One Health approach to developing and evaluating a novel Cat Assisted Training (CAT) animal assisted intervention (AAI) for early adolescents with developmental disabilities (DD) and their family cat. Cat social behavior and welfare is heavily influenced by human behavior and training, making it highly likely that cats would also benefit from this program. There remains a critical need for further empirical evaluation of AAI practices, especially those that target the specific needs of youth with disabilities. Further extending the development and evaluation of activity-based AAIs beyond those that include dogs and horses also helps address the critical need to consider and include diverse human participants, creating new equitable opportunities for AAI involvement to those who may have access to cats, but not dogs and horses (due to practical, health, cultural, socio-economic, or other personal reasons).
This study aims to provide a mobile-apps-based intervention to facilitate individuals with chronic diseases such as high blood pressure and diabetes to adopt healthy behaviours. The intervention is based on Motivational Interviewing, a clinical technique used to enhance an individual's behavioural changes. The proposed research project comprises developing and validating the "Health in Mobile" app, which we call e-MI, which will then be launched to members of the three District Health Centre Express (DCHEs) who have presented with clinical/preclinical chronic health issues such as high blood pressure and diabetes. The participants are registered members of the three DCHEs. The targeted sample size is 1600 members, with 1200 are in the e-MI group while the other 400 are in the waiting list control group.
Public libraries nationwide are facing an on-premise opioid overdose crisis. Many persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) remained unhoused and profoundly hard to reach. This study innovatively develops and tests a telemedicine intervention delivered through public libraries to increase unstably housed individuals' access to bupe treatment that would prevent overdoses from occurring in the first place. The investigators will conduct a 12-week pilot 2-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) (n=40). Research staff will recruit library patrons and randomize them to weekly telehealth at the library or in-person clinic control arms across two participating libraries in San Diego.
The effect of Autobiographical Memory Specificity Training on memory specificity, positive affect and depression symptomatology
In this research, a new bone harvesting technique is introduced in order to find an iliac crest bone harvesting method for patients with less trauma, less postoperative pain in donor sites, and lower incidence of postoperative complications, so as to get ideal bone grafting materials at a small cost, enhance the effect of osteogenesis repair on bone defect or fusion site, and improve the operation quality.
Smartphone use in academic contexts (e.g., in lectures or while studying for an exam) appears to go along with negative effects on students' academic performance (i.e., concentration, perceived learning achievement, and grades) and well-being (e.g., anxiety, positive and negative affect). Despite these alarming effects, intervention studies aiming at reducing smartphone interference are generally scarce and evidential inconsistent. For instance, existing studies suggest that short separation phases from smartphones accelerate anxiety and lead to cravings and smartphone overuse after the separation period. Other studies, however, conclude that separation phases enhance individual well-being and academic performance. RESEARCH QUESTIONS. The present study aims at rigorously studying the effects of smartphone separation during exam phases on university students' performance and well-being. To do so, smartphone use reduction is incorporated into students' everyday life and encouraged through a planning intervention. The main research questions concern whether the intervention can reduce smartphone use in students, whether planning is effective in this regard, whether the intervention positively affects students' academic performance (e.g., concentration, perceived performance, grades), and whether the intervention enhances students' well-being (e.g., increased positive and decreased negative affect, lower anxiety). Furthermore, possible moderating (e.g., smartphone dependence, FoMO) and mediating variables (e.g., exam preparation-related flow, smartphone usage time, used mobile applications) are examined. METHOD. Students are to develop action plans (BCT 1.4; plans on how to reduce smartphone use during exam phases) and coping plans (BCT 1.2; plans on how to uphold reduced smartphone use during exam phases despite potential stressors or urges). The relevant variables are assessed over the course of 5 measurement points (t1-t3 take place on a weekly basis, t4 takes place after the last exam, t5 takes place 2 months after t4). Furthermore, smartphone use (smartphone use time, used mobile applications) is objectively measured via a mobile application.
The purpose of this study is to determine the preliminary effects of using a mobile app (i.e., Calm) to decrease overall stress in middle-aged (i.e., 40-64 years) men and women who report high stress (greater than 15 on PSS). The study design is a randomized control trial with baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks from baseline), and follow-up phone interview (5 weeks from baseline) assessments. Middle-aged adults will be randomized to either a Calm meditation Intervention group or an attention control podcast group. Participants will be randomized after the completion of baseline and informed consent. Specific aim 1: Determine the feasibility (acceptability, demand) of using CALM app at least 10 min/day to reduce stress (greater than 15 on Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]) in middle-aged men and women. Benchmarks for feasibility: (acceptability) Recruitment greater than 40 percent men; greater than 75 percent satisfied with intervention; 75 percent perceive daily meditation and app components as appropriate and useful; (demand) Retention of men greater than 75 percent; greater than 80 percent adherence (minutes/week) to the meditation intervention. Specific aim 2: Explore the preliminary effect of meditation using Calm on overall perceived stress as compared to the health education group. Specific aim 3: Explore the preliminary effect of meditation using Calm on anxiety and depression. Specific aim 4: Explore gender as a moderator of the effect of meditation using Calm on stress. Specific aim 5: Explore the mediators of mindfulness, physical activity, eating, and coping behaviors on stress, anxiety and depression using Calm for meditation.
From magazines to Miss America, the media has consistently contributed to the spread of sociocultural beauty standards for decades. While initial research on the effects of media on body image primarily focused on magazine and television, recent research has shifted towards exploring the effects of social media due to its rapid and constant accessibility. Current research has associated the promulgation of the thin-ideal with bulimia, dieting, supplement use, negative affect, and body dissatisfaction. Literature related to thin-ideal media (thinspiration), decreased body dissatisfaction, and negative mood is robust with a common understanding that thin-ideal media instigates increased appearance comparisons to seemingly unattainable beauty standards. Literature has also suggested that depression and anxiety have increased with the growth of social media and pressure to achieve unattainable beauty. The fit-ideal, often referred to as Fitspiration, was created as an "antidote" to thin-ideal beauty standards. However, research has found that though well intended, fitspiration content continues to promote the thin-ideal and has been associated with similarly detrimental outcomes of body dissatisfaction and negative mood. Over the last decade, body image research has shifted the focus on body disturbance to examining concepts related to positive body image. However, to date there are no known studies examining the impacts of fit-ideal content versus body positive content on women's body appreciation, body satisfaction, and state mood. The purpose of the present study is to experimentally examine the impact of exposure to body positive and fitspiration Instagram content on the body satisfaction, body appreciation, and mood of undergraduate women at Arizona State University. Participants will be 90 female undergraduate students (18-29 years old) currently attending Arizona State University. Participants will be randomly allocated to view either fitspiration, body-positive, or appearance neutral Instagram images. Dependent variables including state body appreciation, state body dissatisfaction, and state mood will be measured using Visual Analogue Scales. Trait thin-ideal internalization and trait social comparison will also be measured as moderators using the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 and the Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised. We hypothesize that viewing body positive content from Instagram will result in greater state body satisfaction, greater state body appreciation, and greater state positive mood compared to participants exposed to fitspiration and appearance neutral content. We also hypothesize that viewing fitspiration content from Instagram will result in greater state body dissatisfaction, decreased state body appreciation, and greater state negative mood compared to participants exposed to body positive and appearance neutral content. Short answer qualitative interview questions will also be included as an exploratory aim of this study where we intend to fill a gap in the literature regarding the specific aspects of each content topic that elicit the observed quantitative outcomes.