View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Colorectal illness contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. Cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and diverticulosis result in substantial patients suffering and health care expenditures. The causes of colorectal diseases remain unclear. New data suggests that intestinal bacteria may play a major role in the causal chain for many diseases, and the research on the microbial environment in the colon in relation to bowel disease is increasingly intense although the possibility for analysis of the composition of bacteria in the gut has so far been limited. However, new analytic methods based on powerful DNA sequencing, opens new opportunities. In the surgical clinic at Danderyds hospital, Stockholm, 2500 colonoscopies are performed per year. The investigators have created a biobank with mucosal samples from patient's large bowel and will consecutively include all patients scheduled for colonoscopy during one year (N=2500). Biopsies from the colonic mucosa will be analysed in collaboration with the Clinical Genomics, Science for Life laboratory (Karolinska Institutet). In Phase 1, the association between specific bacteria and colorectal disease will be investigated (hypothesis generating phase). In Phase 2, the investigators aim to identify specific bacterial biomarkers that could be used as screening tools, and lay the ground for future new treatments for colorectal disease. Early detection and new treatment regimes would result in both significant patient benefits as well as reductions in healthcare costs.
This Phase 3 study is intended to assess the efficacy of the Quadrivalent VLP Influenza Vaccine during the 2017-2018 influenza season in healthy adults 18 to 64 years of age. One dose of Quadrivalent VLP Influenza Vaccine (30 μg/strain) or of placebo will be administered to approximately 10,000 participants
Prenatal supplementation with fish oil, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, is widely recommended in Canada. The aim of this observational, prospective cohort study is to determine the effects of maternal fish oil supplements on the development of their infants' gut microbiota and immunity.
One small recent trial in elderly volunteers showed that BCG vaccination can protect against infectious complications, while several studies have demonstrated an increased capacity of innate immune responses to react against pathogens. This process, also called trained immunity, generates the hypothesis that BCG vaccination can prevent or delay new infections in the elderly patients and is studied in the ACTIVATE trial
It is well known that attending Day Care Centres (DCCs) can lead to an increase in the frequency of infections, due to the high incidence at this age and also the ease of transmission among children. This high incidence respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and acute gastroenteritis can also have a significant impact on the cost of health care systems, increasing the number of medical visits, hospitalizations and prescribing medications as symptomatic drugs or unnecessary antibiotics in some cases.The aim of the study was to determine whether a multifactorial hand-hygiene program (handwashing with soap and water vs hand sanitizer vs control group) reduce episodes due to RTIs and gastroenteritis in children attending DCCs. In addition, analyze the cost-effectiveness of these interventions.
This study is related to a previous study, Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT02924467. There are some modifications in relation to the intervention arms as well as the use of a different cohort, thereby justifying the second submission to Clinicaltrials.gov. This trial is taking place in New York State, through partnership with the New York State Health Department (excluding New York City), and Colorado. Each state will have it's own Clinicaltrial.gov submission -- this was decided as some of the intervention components are different enough that separate registrations were warranted. Despite U.S. guidelines for influenza vaccination of all children starting at 6 months, only about half of children are vaccinated annually leading to substantial influenza disease in children and spread of disease to adults. A major barrier is that families are not reminded about the need for their children to receive influenza vaccination. The investigators will evaluate the impact of patient reminder/recall (R/R) performed by state immunization information systems to improve influenza vaccination rates by using 4 clinical trials (2 per state) in two different states. The investigators will assess effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 1) autodialer R/R 2) text messages R/R 3) mailed postcard R/R as compared to 4) standard of care control (no R/R).
The study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of imipenem+cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/REL, MK-7655A) in Japanese participants with complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI) or complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI).
Investigators plan to perform a review of medical records a single urology department to identify patients with febrile perioperative infection who underwent radical cystectomy and urinary diversion for bladder cancer from January 2014 to July 2017. Investigators plan assess a potential variables to find correlation with infections after surgery. Characteristics, including age, sex, length of hospital stay, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), preoperative hydronephrosis, smoking status, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pathological stage, lymph node involvement, types of urinary diversion, operative method (open/laparoscopic), operative time and receipt of a perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) will be asses as potential risk factor for perioperative infection.
The specific aim of this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial is to evaluate the efficacy of administration of nitrofurantoin prophylaxis after catheter discontinuation for the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in patients with postoperative short-term catheterization following pelvic reconstructive surgery and/or urinary incontinence surgery. Patients that undergo pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence surgery and fail their post-operative voiding trial will be included in the study. Upon successfully passing and in-office voiding trial at the time of catheter removal, they will be randomized to either nitrofurantoin 100mg twice daily or an identical appearing placebo capsule twice daily for 5 days following catheter removal. The primary outcome will be the treatment of clinically suspected and/or culture-proven UTI within 30 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes include adverse events associated with nitrofurantoin use and medication compliance. Primary and secondary outcomes will be evaluated with Student t test and chi squared or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Assuming a decrease in symptomatic UTIs attributable to nitrofurantoin prophylaxis from 32% to 14%, with 80% power, and a two-sided alpha of 0.05, we should recruit a total of 164 patients.
The most common complication of vaginal delivery is perineal tearing with a prevalence of 85% and 70% will need suturing. The caesarean section rate worldwide is rising and the rate in Croydon University Hospital is in the region of 25% of all deliveries. One in ten women will develop a wound infection of their perineal tear or caesarean section wound. Wound infection can cause pain, dehiscence, delayed wound healing, prolonged hospital stay, readmissions and interfere with a woman's ability to nurture their baby and enjoy motherhood. Copper has shown to have strong antimicrobial properties, with the ability to kill various bacteria including MRSA. It has also been shown that copper promotes new blood vessel formation and therefore enhance wound healing. This study is to investigate the effect of copper impregnated dressings and maternity pads on wound infection. Women will be randomised for a wound dressing or maternity pad with (study group) or without copper (control group). Both the clinician and the woman will be blinded to the randomised group. Wound infection will be assessed via a telephone questionnaire after 7, 14 and 30 days after delivery. When wound infection is suspected, based on the questionnaire, a swab of the wound site will be taken to detect the causative bacteria.