View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Periprosthetic joint infection following total hip or knee arthroplasty is a rare but potentially devastating complication. Accurate diagnosis of these infections remains one of the most challenging undertakings in orthopaedics. Multiple studies have shown the high diagnostic accuracy of synovial fluid white blood cell count (WBC) and neutrophil percentage (%PMNs) in detecting PJI. This study's goal is to evaluate how antibiotics affect those two important diagnostic measures.
The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the antiviral effect and safety of inhaled ALX-0171 in adults diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) respiratory tract infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The secondary objective is to assess the clinical activity, pharmacokinetics (PK), virology, and immunogenicity of inhaled ALX 0171 in adults diagnosed with RSV respiratory tract infection after HSCT.
Infection after total joint arthroplasty can have devastating consequences. Adhesive drapes have been traditionally used at our institution to help reduce the risk of wound contamination and infection by superficial skin flora. Our primary objective is to determine if a cyanoacrylate-based sealant (FloraSeal microbial sealant) is superior to conventional iodine impregnated drapes in prevention of both superficial and deep surgical site infections in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients. A prospective, randomized controlled model will be used to answer this question.
Infections that are caused by surgical incision are commonly known as surgical site infections (SSI). A surgical wound infection can develop at any time after surgery until the wound has healed (usually two to three weeks after the operation). Very occasionally, an infection can occur several months after an operation. About 5 in 100 patients develop SSI after hospital discharge. During the patient's stay in hospital, nurses routinely change their wound dressings to check for any signs of infection. However, since infections develop after patients leave hospital it is difficult for staff to monitor signs in patients' homes. In some hospitals, staff may contact patients in their homes to check on their wounds but most of the time it is not possible. The recent improvement in surgical operations means that more patients are discharged from hospital earlier than they would have been in the past even before their wounds are healed. Increasingly, patients develop SSI after leaving hospital particularly among the more vulnerable high risk groups. Signs of SSI may not always be recognised by the patient and delays in seeking care leads to serious infection-related complications. The investigators wish to fit a device onto the patients' personal mobile phone camera lens. This will allow patients to take pictures of their wound routinely at home submit images automatically to a computer at the hospital for analysis. Staff at the hospital will alert the patient if the results strongly that indicate signs of infection and an appropriate treatment plan put into place for you. This type of technology has never been used in this application before so, the investigators plan in this study to find out whether it can accurately detect early signs of wound infections and whether it is easy to use, acceptable to the patient and their health care professionals. A total of 40 patients will be invited to take part in the study over a period of 12 months.
Antibiotic resistance has emerged world wide and is of major concern. Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is widely spread and is now a major factor in morbidity and mortality in health-care settings. Among MDRs, carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are of special concern, receiving the highest classification of "urgent threat level" in the US President Report. Consistent mortality rates of 40-50% are observed among inpatients with infections caused by CRE in hospitals worldwide, related mainly to unavailable, delayed or ineffective antibiotic treatment options. The extremely high mortality rates of patients with CRE infections have driven efforts to prevent the acquisition and spread of these bacteria in hospitals. These include screening for carriage, contact isolation of carriers, cohorting, dedicated healthcare staff and other infection control measures. These strategies have been proven as effective but are cumbersome and expensive. In most locations these strategies failed to completely eradicate CRE endemicity. CRE decolonization (eradication of colonization) might offer a double benefit - reducing the risk for the individual carrier to develop an infection due to the resistant strain (by that, potentially lowering the mortality risk) and preventing the bacteria from spreading to other patients, exposing them to the same hazard. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), in which fecal material enriched with commensal microorganisms is transferred from a healthy donor, have proven efficacy in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in multiple trails. Major adverse events that has been reported so far are mostly related to the route of administration (aspiration during nasogastric tube administration/colonoscopy). Other adverse events include mostly GI related symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, belching) and are self limited and resolve in few hours. FMT seems to be safe and effective both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The high efficacy of FMT in the treatment of a multi-drug resistant pathogen such as Clostridium difficile, suggest that it might be an efficient tool for other MDR pathogens (e.g. CRE). This study aim to assess the effects of FMT on colonization and clinical infections with CRE. The potential of FMT to restore the gut microbiome and compete with residual resistant strains offer a novel way to fight the current MDR epidemic. FMT will be applied in a randomized open label fashion to CRE carriers in a single center in Israel and will be given by capsules for 2 consecutive days followed by rectal sampling at predefined timepoint in the following 6 months.
Primary Efficacy Objective -To assess whether a 12-week treatment course with oral 50 mg elbasvir plus 100 mg grazoprevir given in a single daily dose to treatment-naïve patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and infected with genotype 4 (GT4) chronic HCV (CHC) infection can produce a sustained viral response (SVR), i.e. HCV RNA below the lower limit of quantification [LLOQ] for 12 weeks (SVR12) after completion of the study treatment course Secondary Objectives - To assess the efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir in suppressing HCV viremia in treatment-naïve GT4 CHC patients at each scheduled visit and clinically meaningful endpoints (Week 2, 8 and 12 [End of Treatment - EOT]) and 24 (SVR12) - To assess the safety and tolerability of a 12-week treatment course with elbasvir/grazoprevir in treatment-naïve patients with ESRD and infected with GT4 CHC. - To assess liver fibrosis by non-invasive evaluation of liver stiffness (Fibroscan®) in the same patients before treatment and EOT and SVR12 Clinical hypotheses. Primary Efficacy Hypothesis - A 12-week treatment course with elbasvir/grazoprevir in treatment-naïve patients with ESRD and infected with GT4 CHC infection will result in an HCV RNA below the LLOQ in 95% of patients within 2 weeks of treatment, and at least 95% will have an SVR12. Secondary hypotheses - A 12-week treatment course with elbasvir/grazoprevir in ESRD GT4 treatment-naïve patients will result in undetectable viremia in 95% patients at Week 2, 4, 8 and 12 (EOT) and 24 (SVR12) - Treatment will be safe and well-tolerated in these patients, as determined by the type and number of adverse events identified through laboratory testing, vital signs and physical examinations. - In these patients with liver fibrosis before treatment, the liver fibrosis as assessed by non-invasive evaluation of liver stiffness (Fibroscan®) will improve by EOT and SVR12
The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether LYS228 can be developed for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of using CSJ148 to prevent congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in pregnant women with primary HCMV infection.
Women have problems with oral antibiotics, including vagina and bowel infections. Also, bacteria causing urinary infections are becoming more resistant to oral antibiotis. Placement of antibiotic directly into the bladder does not cause these problems and are at doses that are may be able to stop bacteria from being resistant to antibiotics.
Randomized controlled trial comparing femoral vs internal jugular insertion site of central venous catheters (CVC) in newborns and infants undergoing cardiac surgery. The experimental hypothesis is that the jugular insertion site is superior to the femoral in terms of catheter colonization.