View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:This study is being performed to see if 18F-FDS is a useful imaging agent for diagnosis of bacterial infections. Position Emission Tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT) scans will be obtained after intravenous injection of 18F-FDS to determine biodistribution and pathophysiology in diseased subjects.
General anesthesia, thoracic epidural, and morphine inhibit the urination process and promote postoperative Acute Urinary Retention (AUR) after thoracic surgery. Indwelling bladder catheterization prevents this risk, but is associated with other complications (urinary tract infection, delayed mobilization). With the rise of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, bladder catheterization is being questioned. The current protocol in the department is to catheterize only patients with a high bladder volume in the post anesthesia care unit (defined as a bladder volume > 400 ml on bladder scan). Preliminary results from the "AirLeaks" study show a high rate of early postoperative AUR (approximately 50%). The investigators believe that a "systematic intermittent catheterization" (SIC) strategy is superior to the current "bladder scan-guided catheterization in the post anesthesia care unit" (BSGC) strategy in preventing the risk of postoperative AUR. To their knowledge, no study has compared these two bladder catheterization strategies in a thoracic accelerated rehabilitation protocol.
Citizens who undergo testing for COVID-19 at one of two Testcenters in Copenhagen Captial Region will be invited to participate in the study. The participants will be randomized to either an oropharyngeal swap including the palatine tonsils OR an oropharyngeal swap without the palatine tonsils for SARS-CoV-2 testing. The swabs will be sent to the clinical microbiology laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 detection using RT-PCR. The diagnostic accuracy and SARS-CoV-2 viral load will be compared. The participants will be asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their symptoms.
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide with approximately 10 million cases globally and 1.2 million deaths. Sub-Saharan Africa carries the highest burden of TB. South Africa has one of the highest HIV and TB rates worldwide with an HIV prevalence rate in adults of 19% and a TB case notification rate of 615/100,000 in 2019. Over many years, focus has been paid to pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) has received only little attention even though it accounts for almost a quatre of all TB cases. The diagnosis of EPTB remains challenging simply because sample collection requires invasive procedures in the absence of a blood-based diagnostic test. Spinal TB (spondylitis or spondylodiscitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) - often known as Pott's disease - accounts for up to 10% of EPTB and affects young children, people with HIV-coinfection and elderly, and often leads to lifelong debilitating disease due to devastating deformation of the spine and compression of neural structures. Little is known with regards to the extent of disease and isolated TB spine as well as a disseminated form of TB spine have been described. The latter presents with a spinal manifestation plus disseminations to other organs such as the lungs, pleura, lymph nodes, the GIT or urinary tract or even the brain. In the Spinal TB X cohort, the investigators aim to describe the clinical phenotype of spinal TB using whole body PET/CT and identify a specific gene expression profile for the different stages of dissemination and compare findings to previously described signatures for latent and active pulmonary TB. A blood-based test for spinal TB would lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment in all settings globally and improve treatment outcome of this devastating disease.
The overarching goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation outcomes of two low-cost interventions of different intensities to increase prescribing of recommended short antibiotic durations for acute otitis media (AOM) for children 2 years of age and older. A multi-center cluster randomized controlled trial using a hybrid type 2 implementation effectiveness design will be used to evaluate interventions. The High-Intensity intervention will include clinician education, individualized clinician audit and feedback with peer comparison, and electronic health record (EHR) changes of prescription fields, whereas the Low-Intensity intervention will include clinician education and EHR changes. In total, 46 community-based clinics and/or urgent care centers across two distinct geographic regions in the United States will be randomized to one of the two interventions. The Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) will be used to guide implementation and the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework will be used to evaluate outcomes. A mixed-methods approach will be used in the pre-implementation and evaluation phases and will utilize quantitative analyses, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, surveys, and cost analyses. National stakeholders at the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will assist with dissemination of findings and scaling of interventions.
The objective of this study is simulate the clinical use of an antiseptic solution in a 24 hour window and the recovery to baseline conditions at 1 month following application. Efficacy will be simulated as the capacity of the material to reduce or clear the skin bacterial population from a representative skin area: the anteromedial forearm.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether a single strain capsulated probiotic, when used after standard C. difficile antibiotic therapy, is effective in reducing the risk of infection recurrence mediated by a decrease in colonization by toxigenic C. difficile. This study will include adults with a history of two episodes of C. difficile infection (CDI).
Phase IV, single-center, open study to assess the benefits of the start of immediate treatment without immunovirological data ("Same Day Treatment") compared to conventional treatment with BIC / FTC / TAF in naive patients with type 1 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection
Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of infections, including Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections. Vaccination against VZV is routinely offered to all kidney transplant recipients and candidates in Denmark. In this exploratory observational study, the VZV specific immune response in kidney transplant candidates and recipients will be characterized at different time points in relation to transplantation, vaccination and infections. More knowledge on the immune reaction to transplantation, VZV vaccination and VZV infections may provide improved strategies for prevention and treatment of VZV infections in kidney transplant candidates and recipients.
The purpose of this research study is to identify the effects of 2 over-the-counter mouthwashes on bacteria and 3 viruses in the participant's mouth and gut. The participant will be randomly allocated to rinse their mouth twice daily either with Listerine mouthwash, Lumineux Oral Essentials mouthwash, or water. The overall duration of the study will be approximately 180 days and will include approximately 5 visits and 15-30 minutes for each visit with a total of approximately 2.5 hours of your time. Additionally, fecal matter will also be collected in some subjects using a commercial collection kit.