View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Validation of ex vivo immune assays that are surrogates of complex in vitro assays and animal models studies to identify the occurrence, strength, and kinetics of trained and heterologous immunity may significantly impact public health. In this study, the investigators translate findings from systems biology approaches into contextualized in vitro and ex vivo assays in children living in settings where tropical infectious diseases are highly prevalent. The investigators first reproduce the Vitro assays using culture of monocytes, co-culture of T cells and dendritic cells. Based on data from contextualized assays, the investigators will select, test, and validate candidates' surrogate markers of trained immunity and heterologous immunity. The TSH-IMMO is a prospective cohort study. Participants aged 1 to 12 years and living in Lambaréné, Gabon, will be recruited.
The Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) is introducing a new electronic tool for direct observation of compliance with recommended infection prevention and control measures in healthcare. The solution is called the National Tool for Observation of Infection Prevention Measures (NOST). NOST is a quality improvement tool that includes a web-based solution for observing compliance with recommendations for hand hygiene and other IPC measures. Through NOST, healthcare personnel will be able to identify the local level of compliance, which in turn can reveal areas for improvement. This protocol includes the evaluation of NOST in hospitals. The evaluation is designed as a cluster-randomized controlled trial with two arms where eligible wards in hospitals are randomly allocated into an intervention and a control arm. NOST is implemented in the intervention wards at the start of the evaluation period, and compliance with hand hygiene and other outcomes are measured in both the interventions and control wards one year later. The objective of evaluating NOST is to: - measure if implementation of NOST leads to improved infection prevention and control in the form of increased compliance with hand hygiene recommendations, and - measure if changes in the quality of infection prevention and control as a result of implemented NOST affects the epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections in healthcare institutions and the length of hospital stays.
A5388 is a phase II, two-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that will enroll 48 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve adults with acute HIV infection (AHI) in order to determine whether: - Administration of combination HIV-specific broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) therapy in addition to ART during acute HIV infection (AHI) will be safe. - Participants who receive combination bNAb therapy in addition to ART during AHI will be more likely to demonstrate a delay in time to HIV-1 RNA ≥1,000 copies/mL for 4 consecutive weeks compared to participants who receive placebo plus ART. - Participants who receive combination bNAb therapy in addition to ART during AHI will demonstrate lower viral reservoirs and enhanced HIV-specific immunity compared to participants who receive placebo plus ART.
The spleen is involved in maintaining immunity and plays an important role in the elimination of encapsulated bacteria and parasites. Patients who undergo splenectomy in conjunction with complete CRS for peritoneal malignancy are at risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infections post-operatively. These patients are therefore administered vaccinations to lower the risk of infections but as they do not completely eliminate the risk, patients are also prescribed prophylactic antibiotics without clear evidence that they are useful in preventing OPSI. The use of prophylactic antibiotics is not without risk with potential short and long-term risks including resistance, interaction with other medication, clostridium difficile infections, fungal infections, other changes to the microbiome and cost. This study will investigate the incidence of OPSI post splenectomy and assess compliance with prophylactic antibiotics. This is an observational study where consented patients will be telephoned at fixed time points which are 1,6,12 weekly and 6 monthly for a period of five years post-operatively. As part of routine care patients will be telephoned by the clinical nurse specialist at weeks 1,6 and 12. In addition to this the research nurse will telephone the patient 6 monthly for a period of 5 years and complete a questionnaire. The research nurse will complete the questionnaire during each telephone call and this should not take more than 20 minutes. At the start of the telephone call, consent will be confirmed each time and the research nurse will check that the patient is still happy to participate before going ahead.
The main goal of this study is to collect post marketing data from patients with chronic hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection who are treated with bulevirtide to describe the long-term effects of bulevirtide treatment and evaluate the safety of participants treated with bulevirtide.
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 14-day quadruple therapy based on fecal molecular antimicrobial susceptibility tests for the first-line eradication of H. pylori infection, thus, providing more evidence to inform the value of fecal antimicrobial susceptibility tests in the first-line treatment of H. pylori infection.
The goal of this interventional study is to learn about nasal microbiome and viral infections in newborns hospitalised in neonatology. The main questions it aims to answer are : - how often are newborns infected by viruses in neonatology ? - how does the microbiome develop during first weeks of life ? - how does microbiome and viruses interacts together ? - is there a link between viral infection, microbiome, and medical complications during hospitalisation in neonatology ? Participants will have a nasal swab taken each week during their hospitalisation in neonatology, and researchers will take medical data from the medical chart.
The purpose of this study is to find differences in rates of surgical site infections following emergency laparotomy with the use of two different incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT)devices.
COVID-19 has swept the world, and while some people may experience long-term cognitive decline as a result of infection, no effective treatment has been announced. The primary goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as to assess the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on brain function in patients with COVID-19-related cognitive decline. In this study, approximately 80 people were randomly assigned to either hyperbaric oxygen or regular oxygen therapy to compare the effects of these two treatments on disease.
The study is to investigate whether chlorhexidine (CHG)-based antiseptics is more effective to prevent catheter-related urinary tract infection (CAUTI) among inhospital patients who required Foley catheter insertion. This is a cluster-randomised, step-wedged clinical trial, in which every participated unit will used three different Foley catheter insertion protocols during the study period: 1. Iodine protocol: using 10% povidone-iodine as the primary antiseptic during Foley insertion. This is the routine practice before this study in the participated hospital, as well as many Taiwanese hospitals. 2. CHG protocol: instead of povidone-iodine solution, use 2% aqueous CHG solution as the primary disinfectant during Foley solution. 3. CHG plus protocol: additional to 2% CHG solution, added 0.5% CHG impregnated gel as the lubrication during Foley insertion.