View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Severe bacterial infections are a worldwide scourge. However, the epidemiology of this type of infection varies over time. It is therefore essential to monitor them in order to prevent them more effectively. At this time, in France, no monitoring exists for this kind of infections.
The goal of this observational study is to investigate how bacterial populations from the intestine and mouth of patients change during the hospitalization period and evaluate if some populations of specific bacteria increase or decrease the risk of acquiring an infection or becoming colonized by pathogenic bacteria. Participants will have the following samples collected during enrollment: stool samples (maximum 2x/week), blood draws (1x/week), oral swab (1x/week).
Through contact with peers in daycare and (primary)school young children play a large role in spreading respiratory pathogens. In this study the investigators will investigate this transmission, the subsequent colonization and infection dynamics, and their association with clinical symptoms and local immune response through dense minimally-invasive sampling. This study will allow us a unique insight into the transmission-, infection-, and colonization-potential of the respiratory pathogens.
The overall objective of the RESTORATiVE303 study is to evaluate the safety and the Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recurrence rate at Week 8 in participants who receive a 14-day course of VE303 or matching placebo. The objectives and endpoints are identical for Stage 1 (recurrent CDI) and Stage 2 (high-risk primary CDI).
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity an investigational messenger ribonucleic acid (mRN)A vaccine for the prevention of lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and/or human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in older adults. A single intramuscular (IM) injection of 3 to 4 different doses of the RSV/hMPV mRNA vaccine candidate formulated with 2 different lipid nanoparticles (LNP) will be administered to healthy participants aged 18 to 49 years and 60 years and older. Treatment: - RSV/hMPV mRNA / LNP 1 at 3-4 different doses or, - RSV/hMPV mRNA / LNP 2 at 3-4 difference doses or, - RSV mRNA / LNP 1 at 1 dose or, - hMPV mRNA / LNP 1 at 1 dose
Obesity is a life-threatening disease, defined by excessive fat accumulation that increases the risk of other diseases such as cardiovascular events, hypertension, diabetes and cancer. Obesity is also a risk factor for nosocomial infections and is associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes, although anthropometric measurements are not routinely recorded during hospitalization and lack of a registry data does not allow performing retrospective studies.Obesity is closely related to chronodisruption, characterized by deregulation of physiological and behavioral central and peripheral circadian rhythms contributing to the obesity-related metabolic impairment. Eating and sleeping time schedules are relevant synchronizers of humans' biological clock. Several studies suggest a role of dietary interventions in rewiring the circadian rhythm, with Mediterranean diet (MD) regulating nutritional patterns. Moreover, considering its positive impact on sleep quality, melatonin intake was suggested as a potential regulator of circadian rhythms. The relation between chronodisruption, obesity and infections has not been investigated, and a first proof of concept (Pilot study) will aim at investigating it. Three cohorts of obese patients with different aetiology (essential obesity, obesity with type 2 diabetes, genetic forms of obesity) and a cohort of lipodystrophic patients will be enrolled in the study, which is designed as a two-phases protocol. During the first phase (0-12 weeks (w)) patients will be subjected to dietary intervention with hypocaloric MD; in a second phase (12-24w), melatonin 1mg/die before sleep will be added to the hypocaloric MD. The susceptibility to infections will be investigated through the evaluation of 1) the number of events - i.e. flu- or flulike syndromes, skin, respiratory, digestive, urinary infections-per patient of the 4 groups and the blood assays to detect the infection with Epstein-Barr, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella, Measles and SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM; hepatitis C and hepatitis B core antibodies and Quantiferon TB Gold, 2) the clock genes rhythm and TLRs expression in patient immune cells at baseline, 12w and 24w.The mutual relationship between biomedical values, environmental and social conditions, and lifestyle habits will be evaluated by structured questionnaires. Validation of questionnaires to explore the susceptibility to infections is another delivery planned for the current study.
It has been estimated that 1.7 billion people have tuberculosis (TB) infection; yet current tests are unable to predict which people are at highest risk of developing TB disease, which can be life-threatening. THWART-TB is a prospective longitudinal cohort study of health workers (HWs) in Cape Town, South Africa, where our preliminary data reveals HWs have a high annual TB infection risk (34%). This cohort, who will undergo frequent serial evaluation (every 3 months) with a combination of novel assays never previously evaluated together, presents a unique opportunity to evaluate immune responses at the time of initial infection and to characterize the dynamic profile of these immune responses over time in a high-risk population. The knowledge generated will improve our understanding of TB infection and help to identify which people exposed to TB may remain at risk, enabling us to better target preventive strategies.
In the latest guidelines for abdominal wall closure in emergency surgery published in the World Journal of Emergency Surgery (WJES) in 2023, no specific recommendations are made in this regard. Current literature does not provide any articles comparing these two types of mesh materials (PP vs PVDF) in emergency colorectal surgery. It is necessary to conduct a study comparing these two types of mesh materials, specifically in high-risk patients for incisional hernia and emergency colorectal surgery. This study aims to contribute to generating evidence regarding differences in wound infection incidence and potential subsequent complications, such as chronic pain. It is essential to conduct a study comparing different methods of laparotomy closure, specifically in emergency colorectal surgery, to contribute valuable evidence regarding the incidence of incisional hernia and potential subsequent complications.
There has been no effective predicting tool to accurately predict BKV reactivation after kidney transplantation. The aim is to elucidate the use of flow cytometric analysis for both intracellular cytokines and surface activation markers for BKV-specific T cell response in kidney transplant recipients.
29.3% of bacteremias in intensive care units (ICU) are linked to vascular devices, with a significant proportion related to central venous catheters, and an influence on both morbility and mortality. It is now accepted that microbiological biofilm plays a key role on both bacterial and fungal development on inner surface of vascular devices but there is yet a lack of clinical relevant data documenting a causal relation between biofilm formation and bacteremias. We assume that a more precise characterization of central venous catheter-deposited biofilm could help us better understand invasive medical device-related healthcare infections in critically ill patients.