View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:The goal of this mechanism of disease study is to investigate the effect of flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on the cough hypersensitivity associated with upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). The main questions it aims to answer are: - Q1: Does a single treatment with an approved therapeutic dose of flurbiprofen, an NSAID that prevents the production of prostaglandins, acutely reduce objective measures of cough hypersensitivity in participants with URTI? - Q2: Is the effect of flurbiprofen on cough hypersensitivity in URTI related to participant subjective ratings of acute cough severity? - Q3: Is the effect of flurbiprofen on cough hypersensitivity in URTI related to the levels of prostaglandins or other inflammatory markers measurable in upper airway secretions? Participants will be asked to undergo cough challenge testing, complete quality of life questionnaires, and have their nasal fluid, saliva and pharyngeal secretions sampled before and after a single treatment with flurbiprofen in the form of a lozenge or spray. Participants in the comparator arms of the study will instead receive a placebo lozenge or low dose flurbiprofen spray.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Hypochlorous Acid and Chlorhexidine as postsurgical antimicrobial agents in the treatment of severe chronic periodontal disease. The selected patients will be randomly divided into two groups of 16 each. Subjects in group I will undergo scaling and surgical root planing and will use mouthrinse with 0.05% HOCl for 7 days, after this they will mouthwash with 0.025% HOCl until day 21 and Subjects in group II will undergo scaling and surgical root planing followed by a rinse with CHX 0.2% for 7 days, after this they will mouthwash with 0.12% CHX until day 21. Null Hypothesis: There are no significant differences between hypochlorous acid and chlorhexidine in reducing plaque formation at 7, 21 and 90 days of evaluation. There are no significant differences between HOCl and CHX in the elimination or reduction of periodontopathogenic microorganisms at 7, 21 and 90 days. Alternative hypotheses: There are significant differences between hypochlorous acid and chlorhexidine in reducing plaque formation at 7, 21 and 90 days of evaluation. There are significant differences between HOCl and CHX in the elimination or reduction of periodontopathogenic microorganisms at 7, 21 and 90 days.
Primary endpoints - Incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses as determined by molecular (e.g. PCR) and serological testing - Associations between the magnitude and quality of mucosal and serum antibody responses to SARSCoV- 2 and protection from infection with SARS-CoV-2 - Associations between the magnitude and quality of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and protection from infection with SARS-CoV-2 Secondary endpoints - Secondary attack rate and household cumulative infection rate with SARS-CoV-2, influenza, RSV, and other respiratory viruses - Seroincidence and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 a determined by binding antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid - Presence of risk factors for symptomatic and asymptomatic infection with respiratory viruses - Antibody and T cell kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 following infection - Associations between the magnitude and quality of antibody and T cell responses to seasonal coronaviruses and protection from infection with SARS-CoV-2 - Associations between infection with non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses and protection from infection with SARS-CoV-2 - Associations between upregulation of gene expression in the mucosa, including interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), and protection from infection with SARS-CoV-2
This study is a clinical trial. In Manitoba, the treatment of cervicofacial infections of odontogenic origin which require inpatient medical and surgical management by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons are treated in a reproducible and stepwise manner. After a standardized pre-operative diagnostic workup (including appropriate imaging, bloodwork, and pre-operative history and physical), these patients are taken to the operating room for appropriate surgical intervention (extraction of necessary teeth and incision/drainage of the associated abscess). These patients are then treated with a combination of antibiotics, steroids, and adjunctive medications as needed for supportive care until ready for discharge. Intravenous corticosteroids are frequently administered following dentoalveolar and maxillofacial surgery procedures to decrease post-operative edema, improve patient comfort, and thus hasten recovery time. Within the context of primary and deep space odontogenic infections, one of the major sources of morbidity is the mass effect produced by edema causing airway obstruction. Additionally, manipulation of the soft tissues during the surgical procedure(s) (incision and drainage, extraction of teeth, etc.) may result in increased swelling around the airway. Inflammation and spasm of the muscles of mastication is another sequelae of infection, which can result in severe trismus. The literature supports the use of intravenous corticosteroids as an adjunctive treatment in the management of primary and deep space neck infections, and thus corticosteroid use is within the standard of care. However, the glucocorticoid dosing regimen is currently determined by the clinical judgment of the attending surgeon. One commonly used regimen for steroid dosing is prescribing Solumedrol 125mg IV X1 dose at the time of surgery. Another commonly used regimen for steroid dosing is prescribing Solumedrol 125mg IV X1 dose at the time of surgery, followed by 3 consecutive doses of Solumedrol 125mg IV every 6 hours post-operatively. The goal of this study is to guide future decisions related to the treatment of patients with cervicofacial infections of odontogenic origin in Manitoba. This study is intended to follow the post-operative inpatient course of 30 patients with various cervicofacial infections of odontogenic origin. All will be treated via a standardized surgical protocol (incision/drainage and extraction of necessary teeth), antibiotics, and steroids. 15 patients will be randomly assigned to receive 1 dose of Solumedrol 125mg IV at the time of surgery but no doses following surgery. The remaining 15 patients will receive 1 dose of Solumedrol 125mg IV at the time of surgery plus 3 consecutive doses of Solumedrol 125mg IV every 6 hours post-operatively. In summary, the only impact of study involvement will be the determination of the intravenous glucocorticoid dosing schedule, as all patients will continue to receive the current standard of care (including surgical management, antibiotics, and intravenous corticosteroids). To ensure the preservation of the highest level of patient care, in the rare instance where an attending surgeon decides peri-operatively that the pre-determined steroid dosing regimen will result in unsatisfactory treatment, the randomized patient assignment will be abandoned, and alternative treatment regimens will be used under the guidance of the attending Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon. Treatment will be undertaken at the Health Sciences Centre adult operating room and inpatient wards, the primary operating site for the University of Manitoba's attending on-call Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. The patient's post-operative course in hospital will be completed within the inpatient wards at the Health Sciences Centre, until the patients are deemed appropriate for discharge. Specific patient outcomes will be evaluated at the time of hospital admission, daily while admitted to hospital, and at the time of hospital discharge. Outcomes evaluated will include: - C reactive protein (CRP) levels (acute phase reactant which is a hematologic biomarker of inflammation) - White blood cell (WBC) levels (hematologic biomarker of infection) - Length of hospital admission (days) - Trismus (in mm) - Daily clinical examination findings (during morning inpatient rounds while admitted) This study poses no additional risks to the patients involved, as these patients would be receiving intravenous glucocorticoids whether they were enrolled in the study or not. There are standard risks of complications involved with both the surgical and pharmaceutical treatment of cervicofacial infections of odontogenic origin, and these risks are discussed with patients pre-operatively and prior to hospital admission to obtain informed written consent.
Getting the right dose of antibiotic promptly is an important part of treating infections. Unfortunately, when an infection is severe (sepsis) the body changes how it processes antibiotics. Consequently, some people with severe infection retain antibiotics for too long (risking adverse effects), whilst others excrete antibiotics too quickly (risking under-treatment). Mathematical models can help researchers understand drug handling variability (known as pharmacokinetics) between people. These models require very accurate information about drug administration and drug blood concentration timings. Researchers usually rely on someone recording these timings, but recording errors can make models inaccurate. We would like to understand if using data from routinely used electronic drug infusion devices (recording the exact time of administration) can improve the accuracy of pharmacokinetic models. We intend to investigate this with an antibiotic (vancomycin) that clinicians already routinely monitor blood concentrations for. Adults and children treated at St George's Hospital intensive care units will be invited to participate in the study which will last for 28-days within a 14-month period. Participants will donate a small amount of extra blood and provide researchers access to their clinical data. Blood will be taken at special times during vancomycin treatment from lines placed as part of standard treatment, minimising any pain or distress. There will be no other changes to patient's treatment. In the future, data from this study might help change the way we dose antibiotics. The National Institute for Health and Care Research and Pharmacy Research UK are supporting the study with funding.
The present cross-sectional study aims to assess the prevalence and type distribution of oral HPV infection in PAP-test-positive women aged ≥18 years. The means used in the present study will be the use of anamnestic questionnaires and exfoliative cytology tests at predetermined oral mucosal sites (lingual belly and dorsum, palate, and buccal mucosa).
A clinical study to assess the efficacy and safety of oral tafenoquine compared to placebo in patients with mild to moderate COVID 19 disease and low risk of disease progression (the "ACLR8-LR" study).
Influenza virus is a significant pathogen in pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, these individuals respond poorly to standard-dose (SD) inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). Recent studies have investigated two strategies to overcome poor immune responses in SOT recipients: (1) administration of high-dose (HD)-IIV compared to SD-IIV and (2) two doses of SD-IIV compared to one dose of SD-IIV in the same influenza season. One study compared HD-IIV vs. SD-IIV in adult SOT recipients and noted that HD-IIV was safe and more immunogenic; however, the median post-transplant period was 38 months. A phase I pediatric study comparing a single dose of HD-IIV vs. SD-IIV was safe with higher immunogenicity, but the study was limited by small sample size and median post-transplant vaccine administration was 26 months. In another phase II trial of adult SOT recipients, two doses of SD-IIV one month apart compared to one-dose of SD-IIV revealed modestly increased immunogenicity when given at a median of 18 months post-transplant. Therefore, these studies lack both evaluation in the early post-transplant period and substantive pediatric populations. Additionally, the administration of two-doses of HD-IIV in the same influenza season has not been evaluated in pediatric SOT recipients. Thus, the optimal immunization strategy for pediatric SOT recipients less than 24 months post-transplant is unknown. In addition, immunologic predictors and correlates of influenza vaccine immunogenicity in pediatric SOT recipients have not been well-defined. The central hypothesis of our proposal is that pediatric SOT recipients 1-23 months post-transplant who receive two doses of HD-quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV) will have similar safety but higher Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI) geometric mean titers (GMTs) to influenza antigens compared to pediatric SOT recipients receiving two doses of SD-QIV.
The aim of the study is to investigate safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the TB/Flu-05E single-dose intranasal vaccine for the prevention of Tuberculosis infection in BCG-vaccinated Volunteers aged 18-50 years.
The purpose of this study is to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple intravenous doses of BWC0977 when administered to healthy adult volunteers.