Colorectal Cancer Clinical Trial
Official title:
Changes in Stem Cells of the Colon in Response to Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is a common disease worldwide. Increasing evidence is demonstrating that
colorectal cancers arise from 'cancer stem cells.' Stem cells in the colon reside at the
bottom of thousands of microscopic crypts throughout the wall of the colon. They create all
the cells lining the bowel wall. These cells are created in the base of the crypt and ascend
to the top acquiring the characteristics of mature cells of the bowel wall as they ascend.
It is now thought that colorectal cancer cells arise from stem cells where the genetic
material regulating growth and division of the stem cell has become defective. This leads to
unregulated production of cells which in turn have defective genetic information and cancer
formation.
Prior studies have demonstrated that the earliest changes before a cancer develops are
changes in cellular proliferation. Now that reliable markers to identify stem cells have been
found, the researchers aim to investigate stem cell numbers and changes in distribution in
those at normal risk of colorectal cancer and those at higher risk. The researchers
hypothesise that changes in cellular proliferation at the top of the crypt in individuals at
higher risk of colorectal cancer are due to a change in the number of stem cells in the crypt
base.
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