View clinical trials related to Colonization.
Filter by:Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) present an increasingly serious public health threat to the global community.The prevalence of various MDRO, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), has been increasing worldwide, and some have become endemic in certain countries. Data from the Hospital Authority showed that the number of carbapenemase- producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) cases increased from 36 in 2012 to 134 in 2015. A large outbreak of VRE involving >200 patients was recently reported in a tertiary hospital in Hong Kong. The primary site of colonization and persistence of most MDRO is in the gastrointestinal tract. Carriage can persist for months, with up to 40% of individuals still having colonization one year after hospital discharge. Outbreaks of MDRO have been reported in hospitals and long-term care facilities. Around 10% of patients colonized with MDRO would develop clinical infections by the same organism. Infections caused by these MDRO carry significant morbidity and high mortality of up to 50%, however, there is no proven therapy for eradication of intestinal colonization of MDRO. There is accumulating evidence showing that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the control of intestinal colonization and infection by pathogenic bacteria. Administration of obligate anaerobic commensal bacteria to mice has been shown to markedly reduce VRE colonization. Preliminary evidence, mainly from anecdotal reports, have shown that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in human carriers of MDRO were safe and potentially effective in eliminating intestinal colonization by various MDRO, including CRE and VRE, even in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, investigators hypothesize that FMT will be safe and potentially effective in eradicating intestinal colonization of CRE and VRE. This is a prospective pilot study to evaluate whether FMT is safe and effective to eradicate intestinal colonization of CRE and VRE.
The primary aim was to investigate if preheated skin disinfection with Chlorhexidine in alcohol was non-inferior compared to room-temperature regarding skin colonization as well as bacterial colonization in wound, skin temperature and patients experiences.
Umbilical catheters are necessary for many infants admitted to the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU)and utilized when indicated for up to 7 to 14 days. Bacterial colonization can occur at the umbilical stump and potentially lead to serious bloodstream infections (BSIs). This study is a prospective, randomized controlled feasibility trial to evaluate three types of hygiene products on umbilical line stumps, on the effect of line colonization and subsequent infections. Infants admitted to the NICU with an umbilical line(s) will be randomized into one of four study groups, three products against standard of care (no product). The three products that will be evaluated are currently being used in different capacities for skin care in the UVA NICU. The study hypothesizes that daily topical application of 1 or more antiseptic to the top of the umbilical stump will decrease colonization of the umbilical stump while umbilical lines are in place.
Emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, which is a major public health issue, appears to involve predominantly commensal flora. No data exists concerning risk factors for the carriage of fluoroquinolone resistant bacteria in the flora of hospitalised patients. We will conduct a prospective open study including all unselected patients hospitalised in medical wards of one hospital. Nasal, pharyngeal and rectal swabs will be performed upon admission as well as a review of potential risk factors, after patient's information and acceptance. Resistance testing aiming 3 pathogens (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and E. coli) will be performed on all specimens, and a case control study will compare risk factors from the resistant and non-resistant groups, for each pathogen. A thousand patients should be included in a year's time. This work could help understand risk factors involved in the carriage of fluoroquinolone resistant pathogens, potentially responsible for invasive infections and inter-patient transmission of resistance. Limiting bacterial resistance and transmission is a goal that can be successfully undertaken only if resistance mechanisms, but also risk factors of acquiring resistant bacteria are better understood.