Memantine Hydrochloride and Whole-Brain Radiotherapy With or Without Hippocampal Avoidance in Reducing Neurocognitive Decline in Patients With Brain Metastases

Cognitive Impairment Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Randomized Phase III Trial of Memantine and Whole-Brain Radiotherapy With or Without Hippocampal Avoidance in Patients With Brain Metastases

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02360215
• Other study ID #: NRG-CC001
• Secondary ID: NCI-2015-00030NR
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 3
• Start date: July 2015
• Est. completion date: August 26, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: February 2020
• Source: NRG Oncology
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This randomized phase III trial compares memantine hydrochloride and whole-brain radiotherapy with or without hippocampal avoidance in reducing neurocognitive decline in patients with cancer that has spread from the primary site (place where it started) to the brain. Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the most common treatment for brain metastasis. Unfortunately, the majority of patients with brain metastases experience cognitive (such as learning and memory) deterioration after WBRT. Memantine hydrochloride may enhance cognitive function by binding to and inhibiting channels of receptors located in the central nervous system. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Using radiation techniques, such as intensity modulated radiotherapy to avoid the hippocampal region during WBRT, may reduce the radiation dose to the hippocampus and help limit the radiation-induced cognitive decline. It is not yet known whether giving memantine hydrochloride and WBRT with or without hippocampal avoidance works better in reducing neurocognitive decline in patients with brain metastases.

Description:

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Determine whether the addition of whole-brain radiotherapy with hippocampal avoidance (HA-WBRT) increases time to neurocognitive failure at months 2, 4, 6, and 12 as measured by neurocognitive decline on a battery of tests: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) for Total Recall, Delayed Recall, and Delayed Recognition, Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA), and the Trail Making Test (TMT) Parts A and B. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Determine whether the addition of HA-WBRT preserves neurocognitive function at months 2, 4, 6, and 12 as separately measured by each test, the HVLT-R for Total Recall, Delayed Recall, and Delayed Recognition; COWA; and TMT Parts A and B. II. Evaluate the potential benefit of HA-WBRT in symptom burden, as measured by the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory-Brain Tumor Module (MDASI-BT). III. Assessment of quality adjusted survival and cost analysis using the five-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D-5L). IV. Compare cumulative incidence of progression and overall survival after WBRT versus HA-WBRT. V. Compare adverse events between the treatment arms according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version (v)4.0 criteria. TERTIARY OBJECTIVES: I. Collect serum, plasma, and imaging studies for future translational research analyses. II. Evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging biomarkers of white matter injury and hippocampal volumetry at baseline and 6 months as potential predictors of neurocognitive decline and differential benefit from HA-WBRT as compared to WBRT. III. Association of symptom burden and anxiety/depression with neurocognitive function. IV. Evaluate the potential correlation between the prognostic scoring systems Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) and the diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA) and neurocognitive function at baseline and overtime. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 12 months.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 518
• Est. completion date: August 26, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: April 30, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• PRIOR TO STEP 1 REGISTRATION:
• Brain metastases outside a 5-mm margin around either hippocampus must be visible on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed =< 21 days prior to Step 1 registration; an allowed exception, regarding ability to image brain metastases, would be that patients who had undergone radiosurgery or surgical resection and are planning adjuvant WBRT do not have to have visible disease but do need a pre-surgery MRI or computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrating brain metastases; however, the brain metastases could not have been within 5 mm of either hippocampus
• Patients must have a gadolinium contrast-enhanced three-dimensional spoiled gradient (SPGR), magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE), or turbo field echo (TFE) axial MRI scan with standard axial and coronal gadolinium contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequence and axial T2/FLAIR sequence acquisitions; to yield acceptable image quality, the gadolinium contrast-enhanced three-dimensional SPGR, MP-RAGE, or TFE axial MRI scan should use the smallest possible axial slice thickness not exceeding 1.5 mm; the associated coronal and sagittal contrast-enhanced T1 sequences can be up to 2.5 mm in slice thickness; this MRI must be obtained =< 21 days prior to step 1 registration; the vendor specific MRI protocols are available for download from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
• Patients must provide study-specific informed consent prior to registration
• PRIOR TO STEP 2 REGISTRATION:
• The following baseline neurocognitive assessments must be completed prior to Step 2 registration: HVLT-R, TMT, and COWA;
• Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of solid tumor malignancy within 5 years prior to Step 2 registration
• History and physical examination within 28 days prior to Step 2 registration
• Karnofsky performance status of >= 70 within 28 days prior to Step 2 registration
• Serum creatinine =< 3 mg/dL (265 umol/L) and creatinine clearance >= 30 ml/min
• Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) within institutional upper limit of normal (e.g. < 20 mg/dL)
• Total bilirubin =< 2.5 mg/dL (43 umol/L)
• Patients may have had prior therapy for brain metastasis, including radiosurgery and surgical resection; patients must have completed prior therapy by at least 14 days prior to Step 2 for surgical resection and 7 days for radiosurgery
• Negative serum pregnancy test (in women of childbearing potential) =< 14 days prior to Step 2; women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active must practice adequate contraception while on study
• Patients who are primary English or French speakers are eligible

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior external beam radiation therapy to the brain or whole brain radiation therapy
• Planned cytotoxic chemotherapy during the WBRT only; patients may have had prior chemotherapy
• Radiographic evidence of hydrocephalus or other architectural distortion of the ventricular system, including placement of external ventricular drain or ventriculoperitoneal shunt
• Severe, active co-morbidity defined as follows:
• Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within the last 6 months
• Transmural myocardial infarction within the last 6 months
• Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other acute respiratory illness precluding study therapy at the time of registration
• Severe hepatic disease defined as a diagnosis of Child-Pugh class B or C hepatic disease
• Renal tubular acidosis or metabolic acidosis
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive with cluster of differentiation (CD)4 count < 200 cells/microliter; note that patients who are HIV positive are eligible, provided they are under treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and have a CD4 count >= 200 cells/microliter within 30 days prior to registration; Note also that HIV testing is not required for eligibility for this protocol
• Pregnant or lactating women, or women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active and not willing/able to use medically acceptable forms of contraception
• Prior allergic reaction to memantine (memantine hydrochloride)
• Current alcohol or drug abuse (may exacerbate lethargy/dizziness with memantine)
• Intractable seizures while on adequate anticonvulsant therapy-more than 1 seizure per month for the past 2 months
• Patients with definitive leptomeningeal metastases
• Patients with brain metastases from primary germ cell tumors, small cell carcinoma, unknown primary, or lymphoma
• Contraindication to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging such as implanted metal devices or foreign bodies
• Contraindication to gadolinium contrast administration during MR imaging, such as allergy or insufficient renal function
• Current use of (other N-methyl D-aspartate [NMDA] antagonists) amantadine, ketamine, or dextromethorphan

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cognitive Impairment
• Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Brain
• Neoplasms
• Solid Neoplasm

Intervention

Radiation:
• Whole brain radiation therapy with hippocampal avoidance
Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) 30 Gy in 10 fractions once per day, 5 days per week for approximately two week; starting within 21 calendar days after randomization.

Drug:
• Memantine
Given PO daily during and after radiation therapy for a total of 24 weeks. Week 1: 5 mg in the AM, none in the PM; Week 2: 5 mg in the AM, 5 mg in the PM; Week 3: 10 mg in the AM, 5 mg in the PM; Weeks 4-24: 10 mg in the AM, 10 mg in the PM. Should start the same day as radiation therapy, at latest before the fourth radiation treatment.

Radiation:
• Whole brain radiation therapy
Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) 30 Gy in 10 fractions once per day, 5 days per week for approximately 2 weeks

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Canada	CHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	CHUM - Hopital Notre-Dame	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	McGill University Department of Oncology	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC)	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	CHU de Quebec-L'Hotel-Dieu de Quebec (HDQ)	Quebec City	Quebec
Canada	Allan Blair Cancer Centre	Regina	Saskatchewan
Canada	Saskatoon Cancer Centre	Saskatoon	Saskatchewan
Canada	Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke-Fleurimont	Sherbrooke	Quebec
United States	Abington Memorial Hospital	Abington	Pennsylvania
United States	Cleveland Clinic Akron General	Akron	Ohio
United States	Summa Akron City Hospital/Cooper Cancer Center	Akron	Ohio
United States	Mayo Clinic Health System in Albert Lea	Albert Lea	Minnesota
United States	Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital	Ann Arbor	Michigan
United States	Langlade Hospital and Cancer Center	Antigo	Wisconsin
United States	Emory Saint Joseph's Hospital	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	Emory University Hospital Midtown	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	Emory University Hospital/Winship Cancer Institute	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	Grady Health System	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	Piedmont Hospital	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	MedStar Union Memorial Hospital	Baltimore	Maryland
United States	University of Maryland/Greenebaum Cancer Center	Baltimore	Maryland
United States	McLaren Cancer Institute-Bay City	Bay City	Michigan
United States	UM Upper Chesapeake Medical Center	Bel Air	Maryland
United States	Billings Clinic Cancer Center	Billings	Montana
United States	Sanford Bismarck Medical Center	Bismarck	North Dakota
United States	Boca Raton Regional Hospital	Boca Raton	Florida
United States	Saint Alphonsus Cancer Care Center-Boise	Boise	Idaho
United States	Saint Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute	Boise	Idaho
United States	Tufts Medical Center	Boston	Massachusetts
United States	Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers-Boulder	Boulder	Colorado
United States	Saint Vincent's Medical Center	Bridgeport	Connecticut
United States	Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus	Bronx	New York
United States	New York-Presbyterian/Brooklyn Methodist Hospital	Brooklyn	New York
United States	Crozer-Keystone Regional Cancer Center at Broomall	Broomall	Pennsylvania
United States	Henry Ford Cancer Institute-Downriver	Brownstown	Michigan
United States	Bryn Mawr Hospital	Bryn Mawr	Pennsylvania
United States	Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center/Disney Family Cancer Center	Burbank	California
United States	Lahey Hospital and Medical Center	Burlington	Massachusetts
United States	Saint Francis Medical Center	Cape Girardeau	Missouri
United States	Mercy San Juan Medical Center	Carmichael	California
United States	SIH Cancer Institute	Carterville	Illinois
United States	Saint Luke's Hospital	Cedar Rapids	Iowa
United States	Christiana Care Health System-Concord Health Center	Chadds Ford	Pennsylvania
United States	UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center	Chapel Hill	North Carolina
United States	Saint Joseph Mercy Chelsea	Chelsea	Michigan
United States	John H Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Northwestern University	Chicago	Illinois
United States	University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center	Chicago	Illinois
United States	21st Century Oncology MHP - Clarkston	Clarkston	Michigan
United States	McLaren Cancer Institute-Clarkston	Clarkston	Michigan
United States	Case Western Reserve University	Cleveland	Ohio
United States	Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center/Fairview Hospital	Cleveland	Ohio
United States	Cleveland Clinic Foundation	Cleveland	Ohio
United States	Henry Ford Macomb Hospital-Clinton Township	Clinton Township	Michigan
United States	Penrose-Saint Francis Healthcare	Colorado Springs	Colorado
United States	UCHealth Memorial Hospital Central	Colorado Springs	Colorado
United States	Central Maryland Radiation Oncology in Howard County	Columbia	Maryland
United States	Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center	Columbus	Ohio
United States	UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at Coral Gables	Coral Gables	Florida
United States	Siteman Cancer Center at West County Hospital	Creve Coeur	Missouri
United States	Geisinger Medical Center	Danville	Pennsylvania
United States	Decatur Memorial Hospital	Decatur	Illinois
United States	UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at Deerfield Beach	Deerfield Beach	Florida
United States	Henry Ford Hospital	Detroit	Michigan
United States	Wayne State University/Karmanos Cancer Institute	Detroit	Michigan
United States	Wentworth-Douglass Hospital	Dover	New Hampshire
United States	City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center	Duarte	California
United States	Northeast Radiation Oncology Center	Dunmore	Pennsylvania
United States	Mayo Clinic Health System-Eau Claire Clinic	Eau Claire	Wisconsin
United States	Crossroads Cancer Center	Effingham	Illinois
United States	Swedish Medical Center	Englewood	Colorado
United States	Sanford Roger Maris Cancer Center	Fargo	North Dakota
United States	21st Century Oncology MHP - Farmington	Farmington Hills	Michigan
United States	Genesys Hurley Cancer Institute	Flint	Michigan
United States	McLaren Cancer Institute-Flint	Flint	Michigan
United States	Parkview Hospital Randallia	Fort Wayne	Indiana
United States	Unity Hospital	Fridley	Minnesota
United States	University of Texas Medical Branch	Galveston	Texas
United States	Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Delnor	Geneva	Illinois
United States	Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center	Gilbert	Arizona
United States	UM Baltimore Washington Medical Center/Tate Cancer Center	Glen Burnie	Maryland
United States	Crozer Regional Cancer Center at Brinton Lake	Glen Mills	Pennsylvania
United States	Aurora Cancer Care-Grafton	Grafton	Wisconsin
United States	Spectrum Health at Butterworth Campus	Grand Rapids	Michigan
United States	Benefis Healthcare- Sletten Cancer Institute	Great Falls	Montana
United States	Aurora BayCare Medical Center	Green Bay	Wisconsin
United States	Greenville Health System Cancer Institute-Eastside	Greenville	South Carolina
United States	Greenville Health System Cancer Institute-Faris	Greenville	South Carolina
United States	Self Regional Healthcare	Greenwood	South Carolina
United States	Legacy Mount Hood Medical Center	Gresham	Oregon
United States	The Radiation Oncology Center-Hilton Head/Bluffton	Hilton Head Island	South Carolina
United States	Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital	Hines	Illinois
United States	M D Anderson Cancer Center	Houston	Texas
United States	Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center Independence	Independence	Ohio
United States	Community Cancer Center East	Indianapolis	Indiana
United States	Community Cancer Center North	Indianapolis	Indiana
United States	Community Cancer Center South	Indianapolis	Indiana
United States	UW Cancer Center Johnson Creek	Johnson Creek	Wisconsin
United States	West Michigan Cancer Center	Kalamazoo	Michigan
United States	North Kansas City Hospital	Kansas City	Missouri
United States	University of Kansas Cancer Center	Kansas City	Kansas
United States	Aurora Cancer Care-Kenosha South	Kenosha	Wisconsin
United States	Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center	La Crosse	Wisconsin
United States	Mayo Clinic Health System-Franciscan Healthcare	La Crosse	Wisconsin
United States	UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center	La Jolla	California
United States	McLaren Cancer Institute-Lapeer Region	Lapeer	Michigan
United States	Lawrence Memorial Hospital	Lawrence	Kansas
United States	UTMB Cancer Center at Victory Lakes	League City	Texas
United States	Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center	Lebanon	New Hampshire
United States	University of Kentucky/Markey Cancer Center	Lexington	Kentucky
United States	Condell Memorial Hospital	Libertyville	Illinois
United States	Saint Mary Mercy Hospital	Livonia	Michigan
United States	Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center	Los Angeles	California
United States	Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center	Los Angeles	California
United States	USC / Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center	Los Angeles	California
United States	Lowell General Hospital	Lowell	Massachusetts
United States	University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics	Madison	Wisconsin
United States	Mayo Clinic Health Systems-Mankato	Mankato	Minnesota
United States	Loyola University Medical Center	Maywood	Illinois
United States	Riddle Memorial Hospital	Media	Pennsylvania
United States	Community Memorial Hospital	Menomonee Falls	Wisconsin
United States	Saint Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute - Meridian	Meridian	Idaho
United States	University of Miami Miller School of Medicine-Sylvester Cancer Center	Miami	Florida
United States	UH Seidman Cancer Center at Southwest General Hospital	Middleburg Heights	Ohio
United States	Ascension Columbia Saint Mary's Water Tower Medical Commons	Milwaukee	Wisconsin
United States	Aurora Saint Luke's Medical Center	Milwaukee	Wisconsin
United States	Aurora Sinai Medical Center	Milwaukee	Wisconsin
United States	Medical College of Wisconsin	Milwaukee	Wisconsin
United States	Zablocki Veterans Administration Medical Center	Milwaukee	Wisconsin
United States	Abbott-Northwestern Hospital	Minneapolis	Minnesota
United States	Community Medical Hospital	Missoula	Montana
United States	West Virginia University Healthcare	Morgantown	West Virginia
United States	McLaren Cancer Institute-Macomb	Mount Clemens	Michigan
United States	McLaren Cancer Institute-Central Michigan	Mount Pleasant	Michigan
United States	Mercy Health Mercy Campus	Muskegon	Michigan
United States	Saint Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute - Nampa	Nampa	Idaho
United States	Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center	Nashville	Tennessee
United States	Tulane University Health Sciences Center	New Orleans	Louisiana
United States	NYP/Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center	New York	New York
United States	Christiana Care Health System-Christiana Hospital	Newark	Delaware
United States	Helen F Graham Cancer Center	Newark	Delaware
United States	Mayo Clinic Radiation Therapy-Northfield	Northfield	Minnesota
United States	Kaiser Permanente Oakland-Broadway	Oakland	California
United States	Ogden Regional Medical Center	Ogden	Utah
United States	University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center	Oklahoma City	Oklahoma
United States	University of Nebraska Medical Center	Omaha	Nebraska
United States	UF Cancer Center at Orlando Health	Orlando	Florida
United States	Vince Lombardi Cancer Clinic - Oshkosh	Oshkosh	Wisconsin
United States	University of Kansas Cancer Center-Overland Park	Overland Park	Kansas
United States	McLaren Cancer Institute-Owosso	Owosso	Michigan
United States	Stanford Cancer Institute Palo Alto	Palo Alto	California
United States	University Hospitals Parma Medical Center	Parma	Ohio
United States	Methodist Medical Center of Illinois	Peoria	Illinois
United States	OSF Saint Francis Medical Center	Peoria	Illinois
United States	McLaren Cancer Institute-Northern Michigan	Petoskey	Michigan
United States	Aria Health-Torresdale Campus	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Fox Chase Cancer Center	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Temple University Hospital	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Thomas Jefferson University Hospital	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Saint Joseph Mercy Oakland	Pontiac	Michigan
United States	McLaren-Port Huron	Port Huron	Michigan
United States	Legacy Good Samaritan Hospital and Medical Center	Portland	Oregon
United States	Kaiser Permanente-Rancho Cordova Cancer Center	Rancho Cordova	California
United States	Renown Regional Medical Center	Reno	Nevada
United States	Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center	Richmond	Virginia
United States	Mayo Clinic	Rochester	Minnesota
United States	University of Rochester	Rochester	New York
United States	Rohnert Park Cancer Center	Rohnert Park	California
United States	Sutter Cancer Centers Radiation Oncology Services-Roseville	Roseville	California
United States	The Permanente Medical Group-Roseville Radiation Oncology	Roseville	California
United States	Mercy Cancer Center - Sacramento	Sacramento	California
United States	Sutter Medical Center Sacramento	Sacramento	California
United States	Norris Cotton Cancer Center-North	Saint Johnsbury	Vermont
United States	Lakeland Medical Center Saint Joseph	Saint Joseph	Michigan
United States	Mercy Hospital Saint Louis	Saint Louis	Missouri
United States	Missouri Baptist Medical Center	Saint Louis	Missouri
United States	Siteman Cancer Center-South County	Saint Louis	Missouri
United States	Washington University School of Medicine	Saint Louis	Missouri
United States	Park Nicollet Clinic - Saint Louis Park	Saint Louis Park	Minnesota
United States	Siteman Cancer Center at Saint Peters Hospital	Saint Peters	Missouri
United States	Huntsman Cancer Institute/University of Utah	Salt Lake City	Utah
United States	University of California San Diego	San Diego	California
United States	California Pacific Medical Center-Pacific Campus	San Francisco	California
United States	Stanford Cancer Center South Bay	San Jose	California
United States	Kaiser Permanente Medical Center - Santa Clara	Santa Clara	California
United States	Lewis Cancer and Research Pavilion at Saint Joseph's/Candler	Savannah	Georgia
United States	Memorial Health University Medical Center	Savannah	Georgia
United States	Virginia Mason Medical Center	Seattle	Washington
United States	Sanford USD Medical Center - Sioux Falls	Sioux Falls	South Dakota
United States	Kaiser Permanente Cancer Treatment Center	South San Francisco	California
United States	Greenville Health System Cancer Institute-Spartanburg	Spartanburg	South Carolina
United States	CoxHealth South Hospital	Springfield	Missouri
United States	Memorial Medical Center	Springfield	Illinois
United States	Marshfield Clinic Stevens Point Center	Stevens Point	Wisconsin
United States	Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center Strongsville	Strongsville	Ohio
United States	Aurora Medical Center in Summit	Summit	Wisconsin
United States	UM Saint Joseph Medical Center	Towson	Maryland
United States	21st Century Oncology MHP - Troy	Troy	Michigan
United States	Banner University Medical Center - Tucson	Tucson	Arizona
United States	Lewis and Faye Manderson Cancer Center	Tuscaloosa	Alabama
United States	Saint Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute-Twin Falls	Twin Falls	Idaho
United States	Vince Lombardi Cancer Clinic-Two Rivers	Two Rivers	Wisconsin
United States	Carle Cancer Center	Urbana	Illinois
United States	Sutter Solano Medical Center/Cancer Center	Vallejo	California
United States	Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Warrenville	Warrenville	Illinois
United States	Aspirus Regional Cancer Center	Wausau	Wisconsin
United States	Aurora West Allis Medical Center	West Allis	Wisconsin
United States	Henry Ford West Bloomfield Hospital	West Bloomfield	Michigan
United States	Reading Hospital	West Reading	Pennsylvania
United States	UHHS-Westlake Medical Center	Westlake	Ohio
United States	Cleveland Clinic-Weston	Weston	Florida
United States	Diagnostic and Treatment Center	Weston	Wisconsin
United States	Wheeling Hospital/Schiffler Cancer Center	Wheeling	West Virginia
United States	Ascension Via Christi Hospitals Wichita	Wichita	Kansas
United States	Wesley Medical Center	Wichita	Kansas
United States	Geisinger Wyoming Valley/Henry Cancer Center	Wilkes-Barre	Pennsylvania
United States	NHRMC Radiation Oncology - 16th Street	Wilmington	North Carolina
United States	Aspirus UW Cancer Center	Wisconsin Rapids	Wisconsin
United States	Lankenau Medical Center	Wynnewood	Pennsylvania
United States	North Star Lodge Cancer Center at Yakima Valley Memorial Hospital	Yakima	Washington

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
NRG Oncology	National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

United States,  Canada, 

References & Publications (1)

Brown PD, Gondi V, Pugh S, Tome WA, Wefel JS, Armstrong TS, Bovi JA, Robinson C, Konski A, Khuntia D, Grosshans D, Benzinger TLS, Bruner D, Gilbert MR, Roberge D, Kundapur V, Devisetty K, Shah S, Usuki K, Anderson BM, Stea B, Yoon H, Li J, Laack NN, Kruse — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Anxiety/Depression Measured Using the EQ-5D-5L	An exploratory analysis, beginning with correlation coefficients, will be used to assess the association of symptom burden and anxiety/depression with neurocognitive function at each time point. The symptom burden items of interest are the "distressed (upset)", "sad", and "mood" items. From the EQ-5D-5L, the depression/anxiety item will be of interest.	Up to 12 months
Other	Effect of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) RPA and the Diagnosis-specific Graded Prognostic Assessment (DSGPA) on Neurocognitive Function	Neurocognitive function, as measured by the HVLT-R, COWA, and TMT, will be correlated with both the RTOG RPA and the DS-GPA classification systems. Baseline neurocognitive function for each test will be compared between both RPA classes using either a t-test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, depending on the normality of the data.	Up to 12 months
Other	Effect of White Matter Injury and Hippocampal Volume on Neurocognitive Function	Evaluated through MRI scans using physician-contoured and auto-contoured scores. Concordance rates will be assessed using Kappa statistics. The auto-contoured scores will be used for the remaining analyses due to the number of physicians reviewing the scans. White matter injury is measured by FLAIR volume change and is a continuous variable. Hippocampal volume is measured as a continuous variable also and both will be covariates considered in the Cox proportional hazards model to assess the impact on time to neurocognitive failure and the longitudinal modeling of neurocognitive function.	Up to 12 months
Other	MDASI-BT Mood Variables	The relationship between EQ-5D-5L and MDASI-BT mood variables and neurocognitive function will be assessed.	Up to 12 months
Primary	Time to Neurocognitive Failure	Neurocognitive failure is defined as the first failure, defined as a neurocognitive decline using the reliable change index (RCI) on at least one of the following assessments or parts of : Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised (HVLT-R), Trail Making Test (TMT), or Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA). The HVLT-R has 3 parts that were analyzed separately for decline: Total Recall, Delayed Recall, and Delayed Recognition. The TMT has 2 parts that were analyzed separately: Part A and Part B. Neurocognitive failure rate is estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Analysis was planned to occur after 233 events were reported. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. Six-month rates are provided.Analysis was planned to occur after 233 events were reported.	From randomization to last follow-up. Maximum follow-up was 15.6 months.
Secondary	Change From Baseline in the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test -Revised (HVLT-R) Total Recall Score (Neurocognitive Decline)	The HVLT-R assesses verbal learning and memory. The test involves memorizing a list of 12 nouns for 3 consecutive trials (Total Recall), recalling the 12 targets after a 20-minute delay (Delayed Recall), and then identifying the 12 targets from a list of semantically related or unrelated items (delayed recognition). Raw scores are derived for total recall (sum of the number of targets correctly recalled), delayed recall (sum of the number of targets correctly recalled), and a delayed recognition discrimination index (sum of targets incorrectly identified subtracted from the sum of the number of targets correctly identified). The range of scores for total recall is 0 to 36, for delayed recall is 0 to 12, and -12 to 12 for recognition. A higher score indicates better functioning. Scores are standardized, adjusting for age, education, and gender as necessary, such that mean 0 and standard deviation is 1. Change is calculated as baseline score subtracted from post-baseline score.	Baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
Secondary	Change From Baseline in the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test -Revised (HVLT-R) Delayed Recall Score (Neurocognitive Decline)	The HVLT-R assesses verbal learning and memory. The test involves memorizing a list of 12 nouns for 3 consecutive trials (Total Recall), recalling the 12 targets after a 20-minute delay (Delayed Recall), and then identifying the 12 targets from a list of semantically related or unrelated items (delayed recognition). Raw scores are derived for total recall (sum of the number of targets correctly recalled), delayed recall (sum of the number of targets correctly recalled), and a delayed recognition discrimination index (sum of targets incorrectly identified subtracted from the sum of the number of targets correctly identified). The range of scores for total recall is 0 to 36, for delayed recall is 0 to 12, and -12 to 12 for recognition. A higher score indicates better functioning. Scores are standardized, adjusting for age, education, and gender as necessary, such that mean 0 and standard deviation is 1. Change is calculated as baseline score subtracted from post-baseline score.	Baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
Secondary	Change From Baseline in the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test -Revised (HVLT-R) Delayed Recognition (Neurocognitive Decline)	The HVLT-R assesses verbal learning and memory. The test involves memorizing a list of 12 nouns for 3 consecutive trials (Total Recall), recalling the 12 targets after a 20-minute delay (Delayed Recall), and then identifying the 12 targets from a list of semantically related or unrelated items (delayed recognition). Raw scores are derived for total recall (sum of the number of targets correctly recalled), delayed recall (sum of the number of targets correctly recalled), and a delayed recognition discrimination index (sum of targets incorrectly identified subtracted from the sum of the number of targets correctly identified). The range of scores for total recall is 0 to 36, for delayed recall is 0 to 12, and -12 to 12 for recognition. A higher score indicates better functioning. Scores are standardized by expressing the deviation from the mean score of the group in units of standard deviation. Change is calculated as baseline score subtracted from post-baseline score.	Baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
Secondary	Change From Baseline in the Trail Making Test (TMT) Part A (Neurocognitive Decline)	The TMT is a neuropsychological test of visual attention and task switching that can provide information about visual search speed, scanning, speed of processing, mental flexibility, and executive functioning. Subject is instructed to connect a set of 25 dots as quickly as possible while still maintaining accuracy. There are two parts to the test: in the first (Part A), the targets are all numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.) and the test taker needs to connect them in sequential order; in the second part (Part B), the subject alternates between numbers and letters (1, A, 2, B, etc.). The score is the amount of time, in seconds, that it takes the patient to complete each maze. The range for Part A is 0 to 180 (3 minutes) and for Part B is 0 to 300 (5 minutes). Lower scores indicate better functioning. Scores are standardized, adjusting for age, education, gender as needed, so that mean is 0 and standard deviation is 1. Change is calculated as baseline score subtracted from post-baseline score.	Baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
Secondary	Change From Baseline in the Trail Making Test (TMT) Part B (Neurocognitive Decline)	The TMT is a neuropsychological test of visual attention and task switching that can provide information about visual search speed, scanning, speed of processing, mental flexibility, and executive functioning. Subject is instructed to connect a set of 25 dots as quickly as possible while still maintaining accuracy. There are two parts to the test: in the first (Part A), the targets are all numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.) and the test taker needs to connect them in sequential order; in the second part (Part B), the subject alternates between numbers and letters (1, A, 2, B, etc.). The score is the amount of time, in seconds, that it takes the patient to complete each maze. The range for Part A is 0 to 180 (3 minutes) and for Part B is 0 to 300 (5 minutes). A lower score indicates better functioning. Scores are standardized by expressing the deviation from the mean score of the group in units of standard deviation. Change is calculated as baseline score subtracted from post-baseline score.	Baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
Secondary	Change From Baseline in the Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) Test (Neurocognitive Decline)	The COWA is a verbal fluency test that measures spontaneous production of words belonging to the same category or beginning with some designated letter. Patients are given 1 minute to name as many words as possible beginning with the designated letter. The procedure is then repeated for the remaining two letters. Two alternate forms of the COWA are employed to minimize practice effects. The score is the sum of the correct responses with a range of 0 to infinity. A higher score indicates better functioning. Scores are standardized, adjusting for age, education, and gender as necessary, such that mean is 0 and standard deviation is 1. Change is calculated as baseline score subtracted from post-baseline score.	Baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
Secondary	Change From Baseline in the Clinical Trial Battery Composite (CTB COMP) Score [Neurocognitive Decline]	Clinical Trial Battery Composite score is the arithmetic mean of the HVLT-R (Free Recall, Delayed Recall, Delayed Recognition), TMTA, TMTB, and COWA scores, all of which are standardized, adjusting for age, education, and gender as necessary, such that mean is 0 and standard deviation is 1. A participant must have at least 5 of the 6 scores. A higher composite score indicates better neurocognitive function.Change is calculated as baseline score subtracted from post-baseline score.	Baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
Secondary	Change in M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor (MDASI-BT) Symptom Severity Score	The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for brain tumor (MDASI-BT) is a 28-item multi-symptom patient-reported outcome measure assessing the severity of symptoms experienced by cancer patients and the interference with daily living caused by these symptoms, with 9 items specific to brain tumors. Each item ranges from 0 (best condition) to 10 (worst condition). A subscale score (Symptom Severity) is the average of the subscale items, given that a specified minimum numbers of items were completed.	Baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
Secondary	Change in M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor (MDASI-BT) Interference Score	The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for brain tumor (MDASI-BT) is a 28-item multi-symptom patient-reported outcome measure assessing the severity of symptoms experienced by cancer patients and the interference with daily living caused by these symptoms, with 9 items specific to brain tumors. Each item ranges from 0 (best condition) to 10 (worst condition). A subscale score (Interference) is the average of the subscale items, given that a specified minimum numbers of items were completed.	Baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
Secondary	Change in M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor (MDASI-BT) Cognitive Factor Score	The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for brain tumor (MDASI-BT) is a 28-item multi-symptom patient-reported outcome measure assessing the severity of symptoms experienced by cancer patients and the interference with daily living caused by these symptoms, with 9 items specific to brain tumors. Each item ranges from 0 (best condition) to 10 (worst condition). A subscale score (Cognitive Factor) is the average of the subscale items, given that a specified minimum numbers of items were completed.	Baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
Secondary	Change in M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor (MDASI-BT) Neurologic Factor Score	The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for brain tumor (MDASI-BT) is a 28-item multi-symptom patient-reported outcome measure assessing the severity of symptoms experienced by cancer patients and the interference with daily living caused by these symptoms, with 9 items specific to brain tumors. Each item ranges from 0 (best condition) to 10 (worst condition). A subscale score (Neurologic Factor) is the average of the subscale items, given that a specified minimum numbers of items were completed.	Baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
Secondary	Change in EQ-5D-5L Index Score at 2 Months	The EQ-5D-5L is a 2-part self-assessment questionnaire. First part is 5 items (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each with 5 problem levels (1-none to 5-extreme). The 5-item index score is transformed into a utility score between 0 (worst health state) and 1 (best health state). The 2nd part is a visual analogue scale (VAS) valuing current health state, measured on a 20-cm scale ranging from 0 for the worst imaginable health state to 100 for best imaginable health state, marked at 10-point intervals. The index score is reported here.	Baseline and 2 months
Secondary	Change in EQ-5D-5L Index Score at 4 Months	The EQ-5D-5L is a 2-part self-assessment questionnaire. First part is 5 items (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each with 5 problem levels (1-none to 5-extreme). The 5-item index score is transformed into a utility score between 0 (worst health state) and 1 (best health state). The 2nd part is a visual analogue scale (VAS) valuing current health state, measured on a 20-cm scale ranging from 0 for the worst imaginable health state to 100 for best imaginable health state, marked at 10-point intervals. The index score is reported here.	Baseline and 4 months
Secondary	Change in EQ-5D-5L Index Score at 6 Months	The EQ-5D-5L is a 2-part self-assessment questionnaire. First part is 5 items (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each with 5 problem levels (1-none to 5-extreme). The 5-item index score is transformed into a utility score between 0 (worst health state) and 1 (best health state). The 2nd part is a visual analogue scale (VAS) valuing current health state, measured on a 20-cm scale ranging from 0 for the worst imaginable health state to 100 for best imaginable health state, marked at 10-point intervals. The index score is reported here.	Baseline and 6 months
Secondary	Change in EQ-5D-5L Index Score at 12 Months	The EQ-5D-5L is a 2-part self-assessment questionnaire. First part is 5 items (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each with 5 problem levels (1-none to 5-extreme). The 5-item index score is transformed into a utility score between 0 (worst health state) and 1 (best health state). The 2nd part is a visual analogue scale (VAS) valuing current health state, measured on a 20-cm scale ranging from 0 for the worst imaginable health state to 100 for best imaginable health state, marked at 10-point intervals. The index score is reported here.	Baseline and 12 months
Secondary	Change in EQ-5D-5L VAS Score at 2 Months	The EQ-5D-5L is a 2-part self-assessment questionnaire. First part is 5 items (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each with 5 problem levels (1-none to 5-extreme). The 5-item index score is transformed into a utility score between 0 (worst health state) and 1 (best health state). The 2nd part is a visual analogue scale (VAS) valuing current health state, measured on a 20-cm scale ranging from 0 for the worst imaginable health state to 100 for best imaginable health state, marked at 10-point intervals. The VAS score is reported here.	Baseline and 2 months
Secondary	Change in EQ-5D-5L VAS Score at 4 Months	The EQ-5D-5L is a 2-part self-assessment questionnaire. First part is 5 items (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each with 5 problem levels (1-none to 5-extreme). The 5-item index score is transformed into a utility score between 0 (worst health state) and 1 (best health state). The 2nd part is a visual analogue scale (VAS) valuing current health state, measured on a 20-cm scale ranging from 0 for the worst imaginable health state to 100 for best imaginable health state, marked at 10-point intervals. The VAS score is reported here.	Baseline and 4 months
Secondary	Change in EQ-5D-5L VAS Score at 6 Months	The EQ-5D-5L is a 2-part self-assessment questionnaire. First part is 5 items (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each with 5 problem levels (1-none to 5-extreme). The 5-item index score is transformed into a utility score between 0 (worst health state) and 1 (best health state). The 2nd part is a visual analogue scale (VAS) valuing current health state, measured on a 20-cm scale ranging from 0 for the worst imaginable health state to 100 for best imaginable health state, marked at 10-point intervals. The VAS score is reported here.	Baseline and 6 months
Secondary	Change in EQ-5D-5L VAS Score at 12 Months	The EQ-5D-5L is a 2-part self-assessment questionnaire. First part is 5 items (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each with 5 problem levels (1-none to 5-extreme). The 5-item index score is transformed into a utility score between 0 (worst health state) and 1 (best health state). The 2nd part is a visual analogue scale (VAS) valuing current health state, measured on a 20-cm scale ranging from 0 for the worst imaginable health state to 100 for best imaginable health state, marked at 10-point intervals. The VAS score is reported here.	Baseline and 12 months
Secondary	Intracranial Progression-Free Survival	Intracranial progression-free survival time is defined as time from registration/randomization to the date of progression in the brain or death from any cause. Intracranial progression-free survival rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients last known to be alive are censored at the date of last contact. Analysis was planned to occur after 233 primary endpoint events (neurocognitive failure) were reported. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. Six-month rates are provided.	From randomization to last follow-up. Analysis was planned to occur after 233 events were reported. Maximum follow-up was 15.6 months.
Secondary	Overall Survival	Overall survival time is defined as time from registration/randomization to the date of death from any cause. Overall survival rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients last known to be alive are censored at the date of last contact. Analysis was planned to occur after 233 primary endpoint events (neurocognitive failure) were reported. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. Six-month rates are provided.	From randomization to last follow-up. Maximum follow-up was 15.6 months.
Secondary	Number of Patients With a Grade 3+ Adverse Event (AE) Regardless of Relationship to Treatment	. Adverse events were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0. Grade refers to the severity of the AE. The CTCAE v3.0 assigns Grades 1 through 5 with unique clinical descriptions of severity for each AE based on this general guideline: Grade 1 Mild, Grade 2 Moderate, Grade 3 Severe, Grade 4 Life-threatening or disabling, Grade 5 Death related to AE.	From randomization to last follow-up. Analysis was planned to occur after 233 events were reported. Maximum follow-up was 15.6 months.