Cognitive Function Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effects of Daily Tree Nut Consumption on Cognitive Function, Metabolomics and Intestinal Microbiota
Tree nuts (for example brazil nuts, almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, cashew nuts etc) contain a
wide variety of nutrients including fatty acids, polyphenols and micronutrients. The
beneficial health effects ascribed to the consumption of tree nuts include improvements to
cardiovascular outcomes and regulation of glucose levels and inflammation. Emerging evidence
suggests that specific components of nuts may also contribute to brain health and function.
The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of four weeks' supplementation of nut
components on cognition and subjective measures. Urinary metabolites and intestinal microbial
communities will also be assessed allowing biomarkers of nut exposure to be highlighted.
To date, only two small human intervention trials have evaluated the effects of nuts as a
sole intervention on cognition. One study reported a benefit verbal fluency and
constructional praxis following daily consumption of 6 g brazil nuts for 6 months in older
adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment. Eight weeks' consumption of 60 g/d walnuts
in healthy young adults aged 18-25 years also resulted in improved inferential verbal
reasoning scores compared to placebo.
The development of various 'omics' technologies has enabled researchers to investigate the
influence of nutrients or dietary change on metabolic pathways at multiple levels with a view
to developing biological markers of dietary intake.
Metabolomic approaches have been used successfully to study nut consumption; for example
putative biomarkers of nut consumption have been revealed as metabolites associated with
serotonin pathways. Furthermore, certain nut biomarkers identified using metabolomics appear
to be negatively associated with health parameters which is suggested to be due to gut
microbiota dysbiosis and provides an important link between nut consumption, the gut
microflora and metabolic pathways.
This study will assess the effects of four weeks' supplementation with nut components on
cognition. Metabolomic and metagenomic approaches will be utilised to analyse urinary
metabolites and intestinal microbial communities allowing biomarkers of nut exposure to be
highlighted. Metabolic and gut microbiota responses will then be correlated with changes in
cognition in order to identify inter-individual differences in response, and further
understanding of the mechanisms underpinning cognitive benefits of nut consumption.
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