Chronic Stroke Clinical Trial
Official title:
Efficacy of NOn-immersive Virtual Reality Adapted Telerehabilitation Exercises for Upper Limb Function and Balance (NOVEL) Program in Stroke Patients: A Mixed Method Pilot Feasibility Study.
Strokes are estimated to be the third most common cause of death in the world and the second most common cause of disability. Recently, the incidence of stroke has increased due to population aging. It is common for stroke survivors to experience a functional decline in their capacity to carry out daily activities as a consequence of their increasing dependence, which ultimately affects motivation levels, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Following a stroke, people often experience problems with upper limb function. Over half of people with upper limb impairments who have suffered a stroke continue to experience problems months or years afterward. A significant amount of rehabilitation is necessary to obtain meaningful recovery in the upper extremities and balance, but such interventions are difficult to access. As a cutting-edge method of neurorehabilitation, extended reality technology like virtual reality provides a more intensive simulation of functional activities than traditional physical therapy methods (aerobic, resistance, flexibility exercises, balance and coordination training, and functional exercises. The non-immersive type of VR can provide the patient with a safe experience so they can practice their exercises using gamification features integrated into the VR system, while remaining aware of their surroundings. According to the most recently published studies, there is promising evidence regarding the use of home-based exercises in stroke management especially after the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there is still a gap in identifying the evidence for using non-immersive home-based virtual reality exercises as telerehabilitation on the upper limb function and balance motor outcomes, adherence, and compliance with rehabilitation programs. In addition, no study have evaluated the validity and fidelity of the gamified features that can be added to the non-immersive VR exercises in terms of improving patient adherence and experience to their rehabilitation program. Moreover, the investigators still need rigorous qualitative studies to explore patient experiences after doing these exercises at home with remote monitoring from their rehabilitation team.
Status | Not yet recruiting |
Enrollment | 30 |
Est. completion date | June 2025 |
Est. primary completion date | June 2025 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years and older |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - Age > 18 years old. - Having stroke for more than 6 months (early or late chronic stage). - Not participating in any other rehabilitation study. - Able to read in English. - Has good internet connection at home, or can the investigator give them a sim card. - Score =2 on the Modified Ashworth Scale. - Any degree of upper limb impairment due to stroke (Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA)-UE score <57). - Having sufficient space at home. - The participant should have a laptop, computer at their home, if they don't have any of that, the investigator can loan them a laptop. Exclusion Criteria: - Having severe arm, leg, or spine contractures, or deformities (MAS 3 or 4). - Having any medical contraindications (seizure disorders, symptomatic shoulder subluxation, artificial cardiac pacemaker device, persistent shoulder pain (> 5 on VAS scale as an average). - To ensure patients had sufficient cognitive abilities to participate in training and evaluation and to provide informed consent, the investigators will exclude patients diagnosed with - serious aphasia (cannot read the instructions) or cognitive dysfunction (inability to understand and follow two-stage instructions given by the investigators. - To avoid potential confounding effects associated with other treatments, patients with any history of virtual reality upper-limb training or who received a botulinum toxin injection within 16 weeks before enrolment will be excluded. - Insufficient motor control to move the avatar on the screen. - Concurrent enrolment in another investigational study. - Pregnancy (self reported). |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom | University of Exeter | Exeter |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
University of Exeter | Cairo University |
United Kingdom,
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Proportion of eligible participants out of screened participants | Total number of participants who pass the screening phase. | During the screening process | |
Primary | Proportion of ineligible participants out of screened patients | Total number of participants who are ineligible with their reasons. | During the screening process | |
Primary | Success rate of obtaining consent from those eligible participants | Number of participants enrolled/randomised | During the enrolment process | |
Primary | Retention rate of the participants | Retention rate is defined as proportion of people that finished the exercise programme after 8 weeks. Retention data will be assessed based on (i) proportion of participants with complete outcome assessment; (ii) number of discontinuation and reasons. | Recorded at week 8 at the end of delivering the intervention. | |
Primary | Adherence of the participants | Adherence is defined as the number and proportion of scheduled sessions undertaken by the participants. | Recorded at week 8 at the end of delivering the intervention. | |
Primary | Total number of adverse events reported by the participants using their workbook. | Adverse events are any unfavourable experiences reported by participants during the study (regardless of whether these were related to the intervention). Participants in intervention and control groups will be asked to report any adverse events throughout the intervention period in their workbook and report any adverse effect to the researcher during the weekly meeting. | Recorded at week 8 at the end of delivering the intervention. | |
Secondary | Change from baseline in upper limb function on Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) test at week 8. | Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) is a valid tool to assess the upper limb motor function impairment among stroke survivors. The FMA-UE motor function score captures synergy, coordination, and sensorimotor functions (UE, wrist, and hand). The FMA-UE score has been shown to be valid in participants with stroke. This scale is one of the most widely used clinical scales for assessing upper extremity motor recovery after stroke, with 33 items, divided into 3 levels of scores, 0 (none), 1 (partial), and 2 (full)points respectively, according to the degree of task completion, and the total score was 66, with higher patient scores suggesting better motor function. FMA-UE is quantified by indicators and has the advantages of being detailed, reliable, and sensitive, which has been established as a standardized assessment tool to measure upper limb movement function. | Completed at baseline and 8 weeks after receiving the intervention or the usual care. | |
Secondary | Change from baseline in upper limb function on action research arm test (ARAT) at week 8. | ARAT (action research arm test) scale will be used to assess the upper limb functional impairment. It consists of 19 items focusing on grasping objects of different shapes and sizes, and gross arm movements. Each item is given an ordinal score of 0, 1, 2, or 3 with higher values indicating better function. The test has high inter-rater and test-retest reliability, good validity and is sensitive to therapy-related changes after stroke | Completed at baseline and 8 weeks after receiving the intervention or the usual care. | |
Secondary | Change from baseline in upper limb function on The Motor Activity Log test at week 8. | The Motor Activity Log is a valid and reliable self-report of quality of upper limb movement and amount of use, to capture the patient perspective. A clinically important mean change on the Motor Activity Log is =1; (scale range 0-5) | Completed at baseline and 8 weeks after receiving the intervention or the usual care. | |
Secondary | Change from baseline in balance confidence on Activities-Specific Balance Confidence(ABC) scale at week 8. | Regarding the balance confidence, The ABC scale, a 16-item structured questionnaire, will be used to measure participants' confidence in performing various activities without falling or feeling unsteady. The ABC score ranges from 0 (no confidence) to 100. the participant will rate each of the 16 items with a score ranging from 0% to 100%. after that, the total score will be divided by 16. Higher score means better balance confidence in doing the activities of daily living. | Completed at baseline and 8 weeks after receiving the intervention or the usual care. | |
Secondary | Change from baseline in trunk control on Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) at week 8. | The trunk controls of the patients will be evaluated with the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS). This scale evaluates the degree of motor loss in the trunk and trunk control in patients with stroke under the headings of static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance and coordination. TIS consists of 17 items in total and each item is scored as 2 or 3 points. The total score is a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 23. High score indicates better trunk control. Test actions will be expressed verbally and visually by the researcher. TIS scoring will be done according to the performance of the patient. | Completed at baseline and 8 weeks after receiving the intervention or the usual care. | |
Secondary | Change from baseline in balance on Berg Balance Scale (BBS) at week 8. | The scale consists of 14 functional parameters that evaluate the static and dynamic balance in activities of daily living. The BBS assesses the ability to maintain balance during daily functional activities. Each parameter is scored between 0-4, with "0= unable to perform or requiring help," "4= normal performance." A higher score on the Berg Balance Scale indicates better balance. In the study, BBS assessment will be started with a sitting position. After activities such as sitting without support, getting up from a sitting position, the participant's balance will be observed in the standing position and with various activities. Adequate precautions will be considered against the risk of falling in the evaluation and the total score will be calculated according to the patient's performance. | Completed at baseline and 8 weeks after receiving the intervention or the usual care. | |
Secondary | User experience on User experience questionnaire (UEQ) at week 8. | The UEQ assesses the patient experience after engaging in the original or modified NOVEL program. Each item of this questionnaire (a total of 26 items) of the UEQ consists of antonym-adjective pairs (e.g., annoying vs. enjoyable), which can be rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from-3(fully agree with a negative term) to+3 (fully agree with a positive term). They are randomly presented. The 26 items are grouped into six scales: attractiveness (general impression of the proposed game), perspicuity (how easy it is to get familiar with the proposed game), efficiency (solving tasks without unnecessary effort), dependability (feeling in control), stimulation (how exciting and motivating the proposed game is), and novelty (how innovative and creative the game is). This outcome measure will be used for the intervention groups 1 and 2 (no assessment for the control group as they are receiving the usual care). | Completed at week 8 after receiving the intervention. | |
Secondary | Physical activity enjoyment on Physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) at week 8. | PACES is an 18-item scale that assesses the participants' enjoyment of the intervention they received. The participants are asked to rate how they felt about the NOVEL exercise program using a 7-point Likert scale from 1 (I enjoy it) to 7 (I hate it). PACES has 11 negatively worded items and 7 positively worded items. The scores range from 18 to 126, with a higher score indicating higher enjoyment. This outcome measure will be used for the intervention groups 1 and 2 (no assessment for the control group as they are receiving the usual care). | Completed at week 8 after receiving the intervention. | |
Secondary | Change from baseline in quality of life on the EuroQol five-dimension scale (EQ-5D) at week 8. | The EuroQol five-dimension scale (EQ-5D) consists of 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. This scale is a health status self-reporting scale designed to assess and value the health state and the quality of life across disease areas. It consists of 5 dimensions. Each dimension has 3 levels coded from 1 to 3: 1, no problems; 2, some problems; and 3, extreme problems. On each dimension, patients chose the answer that best described their health status, which resulted in a 5-number sequence describing each level of each dimension | Completed at baseline and 8 weeks after receiving the intervention or the usual care. | |
Secondary | Participant experience using semi-structured interviews at the end of receiving the intervention or the usual care. | At the end of the study, the investigators are planning to do a qualitative semi-structured interviews with the participant in the experimental group aiming to understand stroke patients' experiences, facilitators and barriers after using the intervention. The interviews will be used to explore their experience of using the intervention or the usual care. | completed after week 8. |
Status | Clinical Trial | Phase | |
---|---|---|---|
Completed |
NCT03780296 -
Implementing Technology Enhanced Real Time Action Observation Therapy in Persons With Chronic Stroke
|
N/A | |
Not yet recruiting |
NCT06057584 -
Effect of Somatosensory Motor Intergration Training on Post-stroke Upper Limb Function.
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT03228264 -
A Trial Investigating Telerehabilitation as an add-on to Face-to-face Speech and Language Therapy in Post-stroke Aphasia.
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT03531567 -
Game-Based Home Exercise Programs in Chronic Stroke: A Feasibility Study
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT02364232 -
Effects of Home-based vs. Clinic-based Rehabilitation on Sensorimotor, Cognition, Daily Function, and Participation
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT04121754 -
Post-Stroke Walking Speed and Community Ambulation Conversion Study
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT04574687 -
Effects of Action Observation Therapy on Fine Motor Skills of Upper Limb Functions in Chronic Stroke Patients.
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT04974840 -
Thera-band Resisted Treadmill Training for Chronic Stroke Patients
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT04534556 -
Wireless Nerve Stimulation Device To Enhance Recovery After Stroke
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT04553198 -
Quantifying the Role of Sensory Systems Processing in Post-Stroke Walking Recovery
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT04226417 -
Effect of Home Based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) With Exercise on Upper and Lower Limb Motor Functions in Chronic Stroke
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT06049849 -
Can Patients With Chronic Stroke Regain Living Independence by Daily Energizing With Biophoton Generators
|
N/A | |
Active, not recruiting |
NCT02881736 -
Proprioceptive Deficits and Anomalies in Movement-error Processing in Chronic Stroke Patients
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT03208634 -
Rehabilitation Multi Sensory Room for Robot Assisted Functional Movements in Upper-limb Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT05183100 -
Effects of Neurodynamics on Lower Extremity Spasticity - a Study in Chronic Stroke
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT03326349 -
Home-based Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation in Chronic Stage Stroke
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT04721860 -
Optimizing Training in Severe Post-Stroke Walking Impairment
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT06051539 -
Outcomes and Health Economics of Stroke Using Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation
|
N/A | |
Not yet recruiting |
NCT06060470 -
Active Balance and Cardio Care Intervention on Physical and Cardiovascular Health in People With Chronic Stroke
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT05591196 -
Hand and Arm Motor Recovery Via Non-invasive Electrical Spinal Cord Stimulation After Stroke
|
N/A |