A Randomised Controlled Phase 1 Study of Vaccine Therapy for Control or Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chronic Hepatitis b Clinical Trial

— HBV003  

Official title:

A Randomised Controlled Phase 1 Study of Vaccine Therapy for Control or Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03038802
• Other study ID #: HBV003
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2
• Start date: September 30, 2024
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2026

Study information

• Verified date: April 2024
• Source: Vaxine Pty Ltd
• Contact: Sharen Pringle, RN
• Phone: 0437033400
• Email: admin[@]arasmi.org
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This is a pilot study to determine the safety and efficacy of a novel adjuvanted hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine formulated as a potential therapeutic vaccine against chronic HBV infection. An ongoing human clinical trial of this HBV vaccine in a prophylactic setting has confirmed this vaccine to be more effective at inducing seroconversion as measured by development of Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) in poor responder subjects than the standard alum-adjuvanted HBV vaccine, providing promise that this new vaccine may also be able to induce HBV viral control and/or seroconversion in chronically infected subjects

Description:

Prophylactic immunisation with HBsAg-based vaccines leads to development of HBsAg antibodies that provide protection against HBV infection. Modern HBV vaccines are based on recombinant HBsAg produced by expression in yeast expression systems. For infants whose mothers are HBsAg positive, the first HBV vaccine dose is given at birth and three further doses are administrated during the following 12 months at 2, 4 and 6 or 12 months. Studies have shown that these HBV vaccines are 90 to 95% effective in preventing children from developing chronic infection if they have not yet been infected. Since 1982 over one billion doses of HBV vaccine have been used worldwide. However a number of groups have poor responses to the existing HBV vaccines and these include older adults (age > 40) and patients with immunodeficiency, diabetes or renal impairment. A pilot clinical study demonstrated that standard anti-HBV vaccination could reduce HBV replication in 50% of chronic carriers. A multicentre trial, showed both the efficacy and the limitations of this approach. This study included 118 treatment-naive patients, with detectable serum HBV DNA using a standard liquid hybridization study and biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis pre-vaccination. Over a 12-month period, they were given either five intradermal injections of 20 µg of a pre S2:S HBV vaccine (GenHevac B.Pasteur-Merieux) or a standard HBV vaccine (Recombivax, MSD) or no treatment. Three months after the first three vaccine injections, the percentage of serum HBV DNA negativity was higher in the vaccine groups (15.5%) than in the control group (2.7%). After 1 year follow-up and five vaccine injections, there was no difference in the rate of serum HBV DNA negativity, but those receiving HBV vaccines had significantly decreased HBV viral load between 6 and 12 months when compared to the control group. The rate of HBe:anti-HBe seroconversion did not differ between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, but early HBeAg negativity and anti-HBe detection after 6 months of follow-up was seen only in vaccinated patients (8 and 15% in groups B (Recombivax.) and C (GenHevac B.), respectively, compared with 0% in the controls). Analysis of the vaccine-induced immune responses in 40 patients with HBV chronic hepatitis during this vaccine trial showed that vaccination elicited T cell proliferative responses in 7 of 27 patients who received the vaccine versus none of the unvaccinated control group. These specific responses for envelope antigen were mediated by CD4 T cells that produced high levels of gamma interferon. The reduction of serum HBV-DNA in some of these patients suggests that induction of CD4 T cell responses could be important in controlling viremia after vaccine therapy of HBV chronic carriers.

Experiments in transgenic mice that constitutively express HBV in the liver as a model of asymptomatic chronic HBV carriers have shown that immunization can overcome functional tolerance to HBV by inducing a specific antiviral immune response. The study vaccine was tested for its ability to induce seroconversion in a HBV transgenic mouse model. The results confirmed that the vaccine induced a high titre of anti-HBsAg antibodies and suppressed HBV virus load in the liver. Importantly from a safety perspective no evidence of a flare in liver disease as reflected by elevation of liver functions tests, was seen despite evidence the vaccine suppressed liver virus. The vaccinated mice had the lowest levels of liver transaminases, consistent with the vaccine reducing virus-mediated damage to the liver.

This study will test the hypothesis that the investigational vaccine will boost HBV antibody and T cell responses in chronically infected patients and thereby improve HBV viral control and opportunity for seroconversion. As this is an exploratory study, subjects with chronic HBV infection will be enrolled whether or not they are on current antiviral treatment. This will then allow comparison of vaccine effects in subjects on and off concomitant antiviral treatment, with this data used to assist the design of future studies. The study will test the hypothesis that a potent preS HBV vaccine including Advax adjuvant will enhance both humoral and cellular immunity thereby helping to control chronic hepatitis B infection. The ultimate goal is to induce HBsAg seroconversion and effect permanent clearance of HBV or at a minimum to enable better immune control of viral replication. This pilot study will collect preliminary data on the safety and efficacy of this vaccine approach in chronically HBV infected individuals, as a precursor to larger efficacy studies in the future.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 40
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2026
• Est. primary completion date: December 31, 2025
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male or female

• 18 years of age or older

• Current evidence of HBV chronic infection (with or without cirrhosis) as indicated by detection of HBsAg and/or Hepatitis B DNA (Subjects on current nucleoside therapy may have no detectable Hep B DNA)

• If child bearing age, using contraception (barrier method, IUD or oral contraception)

• Able to provide written informed consent

• Willing and able to comply with the protocol for the duration of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) IgM with negative results for the rest of the HBV markers, indicating acute infection,

• Positive for anti-delta virus, or anti-hepatitis C virus or HIV

• Childs Pugh Score for Cirrhosis Mortality of Child grade B or greater

• Liver transaminases greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal

• History of severe allergic reaction to hepatitis B vaccine.

• Pregnancy or female of child-bearing age not using effective method of contraception.

• Presence of any other organ-specific disease that in the opinion of the investigator may result in risk to the subject from involvement in the study

• Current alcohol or drug abuse that in the opinion of the investigator may result in non-compliance.

• Participation in another clinical trial with an investigational agent within 30 days preceding initiation of treatment

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Chronic Hepatitis b
• Hepatitis
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis B, Chronic
• Hepatitis, Chronic
• Herpesviridae Infections
• Virus Diseases

Intervention

Biological:
• Therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine
HBV vaccine based on unique combination of recombinant PreS hepatitis B surface antigen particles formulated with Advax-2 adjuvant
• Commercial Hepatitis B vaccine
Commercially available prophylactic hepatitis B vaccine formulated with alum adjuvant

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Australia	ARASMI	Adelaide	South Australia

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Vaxine Pty Ltd	Australian Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Institute

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Australia, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Safety assessment: Frequency of vaccine-related adverse events relative to active comparator vaccine	Frequency of vaccine-related adverse events relative to active comparator vaccine	12 months post immunisation
Primary	Viral load	Suppression of HBV viral load	1 and 12 months post final immunisation
Secondary	Seroconversion	Seroconversion to e antigen (if anti HBe negative at baseline) and seroconversion to surface antigen	1 and 12 months post final immunisation
Secondary	T-cell response	Development of memory T-cell responses to HBV	1 and 12 months post final immunisation
Secondary	B cell response	Development of memory B-cell responses to HBV	1 and 12 months post final immunisation