View clinical trials related to Child; Spastic.
Filter by:Spasticity, defined as a velocity dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes, is one of the most prominent motor problems that occur in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). This causes difficulty in achieving balance, mobility, and an upright stance. CP is a group of permanent disorders that affect the development of movement and posture caused by a non-progressive damage to the brain. Because CP occurs in 2-3 of 1000 individuals, it is one of the most common causes of severe physical disability in children. Mismanagement of spasticity can lead to contracture which is extremely difficult to treat and may result in severe functional disabilities. The current management of spasticity in CP includes physical therapy (i.e. passive stretching), oral medication, botulinum toxin injection, and surgery. Botulinum toxin injection has been proven to effectively reduce spasticity yet many patients are unable to get access to this treatment due to its high cost. Moreover, Botulinum toxin injection is currently not covered by the public health insurance of Indonesia. Therefore, other modalities which are more affordable and are non-invasive therapies should be considered as a treatment option for spasticity. Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (rESWT) has been utilized in the medical practice for the treatment of several musculoskeletal disorders such as chronic tendinopathies and spasticity. It is hypothesized that ESWT has two main effects which include a direct effect from mechanical forces at the treatment point and an indirect effect from cavitation. Even though rESWT has less penetration capacity over the focused Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (fESWT), rESWT is still believed to be more superior to fESWT because it requires less precise focusing, is less painful, and costs less. These also make rESWT the more appropriate choice for children with CP. Many studies have proven the efficacy of ESWT in reducing spasticity in spastic CP patients with significantly long lasting effects. Despite promising results, there still has yet to be a recommended guideline for the treatment of spasticity in children using rESWT. One of the critical parameters needed to be determined is the frequency of treatment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to understand whether the reduction in gastrocnemius stiffness in children with spastic CP is influenced by the frequency of ESWT sessions.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent disorders affecting movement and postural development that are caused by non-progressive disruptions of the brain, usually occurring during fetal period or infancy. It is commonly accompanied with sensory disorders and learning disability. In 2016, more than 17 million people are affected by CP with a prevalence of 1.5 to 2.5 per 1,000 live births. CP remains to be the most common cause of severe physical disability in children. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated an economic cost of US$4.1 million per CP patient that comprises of medical services, special education and productivity loss. Current management of spasticity involves physical manipulation such as passive stretching and splinting, sometimes combined with oral pharmacologic treatment, intrathecal baclofen therapy and botulinum toxin injection. At times, surgical procedures such as Surgical Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) can also be considered. Botulinum toxin injection has been shown to reduce spasticity for up to 6 months, however, the cost of the procedure remains to be an issue in developing countries like Indonesia. Therefore, other modality such as a non-invasive therapy should be considered as an alternative treatment for spasticity. Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (rESWT) is a non-invasive treatment that has been shown to effectively improve spasticity in patients with spastic motor type CP, despite unclear underlying mechanism. According to International Society for Medical Shockwave Treatment (ISMST), there has yet to be a recommended guideline for the treatment of spasticity in children using rESWT. One crucial physical parameter needed to be determined is the number of pulse required to efficiently reduce spasticity. The number of pulse directly affects the duration of ESWT per session (the higher the number of pulse given, the longer the therapy session). This may be a concern for spastic motor type CP due to accompanying sensory and learning disability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand whether the reduction in hamstring stiffness in children with spastic CP could be influenced by the number of pulse in a single ESWT session.