Feasibility Trial to Maintain Normal Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in High-Risk Cardiac Surgery

Cerebral Hypoxia Clinical Trial

— Tête-à-coeur  

Official title:

Perioperative Interventions to Optimize Cerebral Oxygen Saturation (rSO2) in High-risk Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Should Have a Beneficial Systemic Effect for Enhancing Global Tissue Perfusion and Improve Outcomes.

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01432184
• Other study ID #: ICM 08-1009
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• First received: August 26, 2011
• Last updated: October 16, 2015
• Start date: July 2010
• Est. completion date: October 2013

Study information

• Verified date: October 2015
• Source: Montreal Heart Institute
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: Canada: Health Canada
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Using the brain and the heart as index organs, perioperative interventions to optimize cerebral oxygen saturation and cardiac contractility in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery should have a beneficial systemic effect for enhancing global tissue perfusion and improve outcomes.

Description:

The proportion of high-risk patients requiring cardiac surgery and of high-risk cardiac surgeries is increasing. These populations of patients are at increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) evaluation in cardiac surgery has been shown to impact on the perioperative management of patients and to improve outcomes. Near infrared-reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a technique that has been employed since the mid-1970's and that can be used as a non-invasive and continuous monitor of the balance between cerebral oxygen delivery and consumption. Two recent randomized trials have shown an association between correction of cerebral desaturation and shorter recovery room and hospital stay in non-cardiac surgery, and with a decrease in major organ dysfunction and in intensive care length of stay after coronary artery bypass. By combining NIRS and TEE in high-risk patients, optimal tissue perfusion could be achieved and perioperative morbidity and mortality could be reduced.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 200
• Est. completion date: October 2013
• Est. primary completion date: July 2011
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Both
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with EUROSCORES = 10.

• Planned complex surgery including more than one procedure, or redo procedures.

• Patient able to read and understand the consent form.

• Patients = 18 years of age.

Exclusion Criteria:

• High risk patients undergoing of off pump coronary artery bypass.

• Emergency surgeries less than 6 hours from diagnosis.

• Patient unable to read and understand the consent form.

• Patients with and IABP or a ventricular assist device

• Planned circulatory arrest

• Planned surgery of the descending aorta.

• Patients with acute endocarditis.

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Prevention

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cerebral Hypoxia
• Hypoxia, Brain

Intervention

Procedure:
• strategies to reverse decrease in rSO2
an alarm threshold at a value of 90% of the resting baseline cerebral saturation value (baseline - 10%) will be established. To minimize the probability of patients reaching significant decreases rSO2 values, interventions to improve cerebral oxygenation will be initiated according to the strategies described in the algorithm. The success and failure of these interventions will be noted. As in the Control group, the screen will remain blinded in the ICU and the intensivist will not see the values.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Canada	Montreal Heart Institute	Montreal	Quebec

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Montreal Heart Institute	Université de Montréal

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Canada, 

References & Publications (17)

Casati A, Fanelli G, Pietropaoli P, Proietti R, Tufano R, Danelli G, Fierro G, De Cosmo G, Servillo G. Continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery minimizes brain exposure to potential hypoxia. Anesth Analg. 2005 Sep;101(3):740-7, table of contents. Erratum in: Anesth Analg. 2006 Jun;102(6):1645. Fierro, Giovanni [corrected to Fierro, Giuseppe]. — View Citation

de Tournay-Jetté E, Denault A, Dupuis G, Cartier R, Deschamps A, Bherer L: Cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) changes and post cognitive decline in elderly patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. en préparation

Denault A, Deschamps A, Murkin JM. A proposed algorithm for the intraoperative use of cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2007 Dec;11(4):274-81. doi: 10.1177/1089253207311685. — View Citation

Deschamps A, Rochon A, Lebon J-S, Ayoub C, Qizilbash B, Couture P, Cogan J, Toledano K, Bélisle S, Hemmings G, Taillefer J, Blain R, Denault A: Decreases in Cerebal Oxygen Saturation: an algorithmic approach. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Journal 2009; Abstract: #613224

Edmonds HL Jr, Ganzel BL, Austin EH 3rd. Cerebral oximetry for cardiac and vascular surgery. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2004 Jun;8(2):147-66. Review. — View Citation

Fergusson DA, Hébert PC, Mazer CD, Fremes S, MacAdams C, Murkin JM, Teoh K, Duke PC, Arellano R, Blajchman MA, Bussières JS, Côté D, Karski J, Martineau R, Robblee JA, Rodger M, Wells G, Clinch J, Pretorius R; BART Investigators. A comparison of aprotinin and lysine analogues in high-risk cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med. 2008 May 29;358(22):2319-31. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802395. Epub 2008 May 14. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2010 Sep 23;363(13):1290. — View Citation

Gracias VH, Guillamondegui OD, Stiefel MF, Wilensky EM, Bloom S, Gupta R, Pryor JP, Reilly PM, Leroux PD, Schwab CW. Cerebral cortical oxygenation: a pilot study. J Trauma. 2004 Mar;56(3):469-72; discussion 472-4. — View Citation

Hadolt I, Litscher G. Noninvasive assessment of cerebral oxygenation during high altitude trekking in the Nepal Himalayas (2850-5600 m). Neurol Res. 2003 Mar;25(2):183-8. — View Citation

Jöbsis FF. Non-invasive, infra-red monitoring of cerebral O2 sufficiency, bloodvolume, HbO2-Hb shifts and bloodflow. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1977;64:452-3. — View Citation

Kurth CD, Steven JL, Montenegro LM, Watzman HM, Gaynor JW, Spray TL, Nicolson SC. Cerebral oxygen saturation before congenital heart surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001 Jul;72(1):187-92. — View Citation

Murkin JM, Adams SJ, Novick RJ, Quantz M, Bainbridge D, Iglesias I, Cleland A, Schaefer B, Irwin B, Fox S. Monitoring brain oxygen saturation during coronary bypass surgery: a randomized, prospective study. Anesth Analg. 2007 Jan;104(1):51-8. — View Citation

Shojima M, Watanabe E, Mayanagi Y. Cerebral blood oxygenation after cerebrospinal fluid removal in hydrocephalus measured by near infrared spectroscopy. Surg Neurol. 2004 Oct;62(4):312-8; discussion 318. — View Citation

Slater JP, Guarino T, Stack J, Vinod K, Bustami RT, Brown JM 3rd, Rodriguez AL, Magovern CJ, Zaubler T, Freundlich K, Parr GV. Cerebral oxygen desaturation predicts cognitive decline and longer hospital stay after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009 Jan;87(1):36-44; discussion 44-5. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.08.070. — View Citation

Sokol DK, Markand ON, Daly EC, Luerssen TG, Malkoff MD. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) distinguishes seizure types. Seizure. 2000 Jul;9(5):323-7. — View Citation

Taillefer MC, Denault AY. Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy in adult heart surgery: systematic review of its clinical efficacy. Can J Anaesth. 2005 Jan;52(1):79-87. Review. — View Citation

Vernieri F, Tibuzzi F, Pasqualetti P, Rosato N, Passarelli F, Rossini PM, Silvestrini M. Transcranial Doppler and near-infrared spectroscopy can evaluate the hemodynamic effect of carotid artery occlusion. Stroke. 2004 Jan;35(1):64-70. Epub 2003 Dec 18. — View Citation

Yao FS, Tseng CC, Ho CY, Levin SK, Illner P. Cerebral oxygen desaturation is associated with early postoperative neuropsychological dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2004 Oct;18(5):552-8. — View Citation

* Note: There are 17 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Success rate of reversing decreases in cerebral oxygen saturation below 10% of baseline values to values within 10% of baseline in the INTERVENTION group.	Consensus on the appropriate strategies to prevent and reverse cerebral oxygen desaturations remains controversial. In a recent study by Slater and al.12, randomization into an intervention group failed because anesthesiologists were unable to follow the protocol aimed at strategies to reverse decreases in rSO2. A group from the Montreal Heart Institute has developed a physiologically oriented algorithm to help with the task of reversing decreases in rSO2. The goal of the present study is therefore to confirm that this approach can be used with success by most institutions.	Up to 12 hours	No
Secondary	First 30 days post-operative outcomes	readmission to hospital within 30 days; death	30 days	No
Secondary	ICU data	ICU admission and discharge times; tracheal extubation time in hours	Up to 48 hours	No
Secondary	First 24 hours complications	clinical stroke manifested as focal neurological deficit persisting 24hr and confirmed by brain computed tomography imaging; prolonged ventilation defined as extubation at > 24 h postoperatively; new, persistent Q-wave myocardial infarction	24 hours	No
Secondary	Post-operative complications	renal failure as defined by the RIFLE criteria; reoperation for any cause; arrhythmia requiring treatment; Hospital length of stay; wound infection requiring specific antibiotic coverage	Up to 7 days	No