Cardiovascular Risk Factor Clinical Trial
Official title:
A Randomised, Double-blinded, Cross-over, Placebo- Controlled Pilot Study to Investigate the Effect of Tomato Extract on TMAO in Overweight or Obese Adults
To determine the effect of 4 weeks daily consumption of Fruitflow on changes in plasma levels of fasting Trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations (TMAO)
Tomatoes contain a range of polyphenols that are of low bioavailability and reach the colon.
Data from animal studies suggest that certain polyphenols are extensively metabolized by the
gut microbiota which may impact bioactivity including TMA/TMAO production. It was previously
shown that a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract attenuated diet-induced metabolic syndrome in
mice in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. In another mouse study the polyphenol resveratrol
attenuated TMAO-induced atherosclerosis by decreasing TMAO levels and increasing hepatic bile
acid neosynthesis via gut microbiota remodelling. However, human studies on polyphenol effect
on TMAO levels and the gut microbiome are sparse. In a recent study TMAO serum levels were
reduced in healthy subjects upon supplementation with a grape pomace polyphenolic extract.
This clinical study will provide new insight into the effect of tomato extract on TMAO levels
and the gut microbiota composition and thus potential new mechanisms responsible for the
cardiovascular protective effects.
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