Hemodynamic Effects of Standard Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), Active Compression Decompression CPR With an Inspiratory Impedance Device, and Standard CPR With an Intrathoracic Pressure Regulator During Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac Arrest Clinical Trial

Official title:

Comparison of Standard Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Alone Versus Active Compression Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Plus an Impedance Threshold Device Versus Standard Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Plus an Intrathoracic Pressure Regulator on Arterial Blood Pressures During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01325870
• Other study ID #: 43-0566-000
• Secondary ID: 2R44HL082088
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• First received: March 28, 2011
• Last updated: July 16, 2014
• Start date: March 2011
• Est. completion date: December 2012

Study information

• Verified date: July 2014
• Source: Advanced Circulatory Systems
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Food and Drug AdministrationUnited States: Institutional Review Board
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

More than 300,000 Americans experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest annually, with overall survival rates averaging less than 5%. Low survival rates persist, in part, because manual chest compressions and ventilation, termed standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (S-CPR), is an inherently inefficient process, providing less than 25% of normal blood flow to the heart and the brain. Hemodynamics are often compromised further by poor S-CPR techniques, especially inadequate chest compression and incomplete chest recoil. Active Compression Decompression CPR (ACD-CPR) is performed with a hand-held device that is attached to the patient's chest, and also includes a handle containing a metronome and force gauge to guide proper compression rate, depth and complete chest wall recoil. The impedance threshold device (ITD) is designed for rapid connection to an airway adjunct (e.g. facemask or endotracheal tube) and allows for positive pressure ventilation, while also impeding passive inspiratory gas exchange during chest wall decompression. Prior studies have shown that the combination of ACD-CPR + ITD enhances refilling of the heart after each compression by augmenting negative intrathoracic pressure during the decompression phase of CPR, resulting in improved cardiac and cerebral perfusion. The intrathoracic pressure regulator (ITPR) is a next generation inspiratory impedance therapy. The ITPR uses a regulated external vacuum source to lower the negative intrathoracic pressure and is therefore less dependent on the quality of CPR (e.g., completeness of chest wall recoil). The ITPR generates a pre-set continuous and controlled expiratory phase negative intrathoracic pressure that is interrupted only when positive pressure ventilation is needed to maintain oxygenation and provide gas exchange.

The purpose of the study is to compare the early safety and hemodynamic effects of S-CPR, ACD- CPR + ITD, and S-CPR + ITPR in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 48
• Est. completion date: December 2012
• Est. primary completion date: December 2012
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Both
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Initial Inclusion Criteria:

• Subject is initially presumed or known to be 18 years of age or older;

• Subject presents with presumed non-traumatic, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest AND is a candidate for resuscitation attempt. [NOTE: the cardiac arrest may be witnessed OR unwitnessed];

• Subject has a secured cuffed advanced airway [e.g., endotracheal tube, Combitube, King airway].

Final Inclusion Criteria:

• Subject in whom femoral arterial access was successfully established;

• Subject remained in cardiac arrest (undergoing CPR) at the time of hemodynamic data acquisition;

• Subject in whom at least 5 minutes of continuous hemodynamic data were able to be collected, OR if ROSC occurs before 5 minutes, at least 2 minutes of hemodynamic data were able to be collected.

Initial Exclusion Criteria:

• Subject has known pre-existing DNR orders in place prior to this cardiac arrest;

• Subject has signs of obvious clinical death or conditions that preclude the use of CPR;

• Subject's family or legal guardians request that the subject not be entered in the study at the time of arrest;

• Subject has recent sternotomy, with wound not appearing completely healed (if date of sternotomy is unknown) or less than six months (if date of sternotomy is known);

• Subject has a stoma, tracheotomy, or tracheostomy prior to arrest;

• Subject is known or suspected to be pregnant;

• Subject is known/suspected to be a prisoner.

Final Exclusion Criteria:

• Subject in whom < 2 minutes of hemodynamic data were acquired while receiving CPR;

• Subject in whom an arterial pressure catheter was not placed or arterial pressure was not able to be successfully monitored;

• Subject is subsequently found to have had a traumatic arrest;

• Subject was in asystole at time of initial arrest AND remained in asystole during resuscitation effort AND arrest was unwitnessed or unknown if witnessed.

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cardiac Arrest
• Death, Sudden, Cardiac
• Heart Arrest
• Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Sudden Cardiac Death

Intervention

Device:
• ACD-CPR

• ITPR
standard CPR with use of the CirQlator intrathoracic pressure regulator (ITPR)

Procedure:
• S-CPR
standard manual CPR

Device:
• Impedance Threshold Device (ITD)

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Michigan State University- Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies	Kalamazoo	Michigan

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Advanced Circulatory Systems	National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (30)

Aufderheide TP, Pirrallo RG, Provo TA, Lurie KG. Clinical evaluation of an inspiratory impedance threshold device during standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med. 2005 Apr;33(4):734-40. — View Citation

Aufderheide TP, Pirrallo RG, Yannopoulos D, Klein JP, von Briesen C, Sparks CW, Deja KA, Conrad CJ, Kitscha DJ, Provo TA, Lurie KG. Incomplete chest wall decompression: a clinical evaluation of CPR performance by EMS personnel and assessment of alternative manual chest compression-decompression techniques. Resuscitation. 2005 Mar;64(3):353-62. — View Citation

Cohen TJ, Tucker KJ, Lurie KG, Redberg RF, Dutton JP, Dwyer KA, Schwab TM, Chin MC, Gelb AM, Scheinman MM, et al. Active compression-decompression. A new method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Working Group. JAMA. 1992 Jun 3;267(21):2916-23. — View Citation

Duggal C, Weil MH, Gazmuri RJ, Tang W, Sun S, O'Connell F, Ali M. Regional blood flow during closed-chest cardiac resuscitation in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993 Jan;74(1):147-52. — View Citation

ECC Committee, Subcommittees and Task Forces of the American Heart Association. 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2005 Dec 13;112(24 Suppl):IV1-203. Epub 2005 Nov 28. — View Citation

Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Part 2: ethical aspects of CPR and ECC. Circulation. 2000 Aug 22;102(8 Suppl):I12-21. Review. — View Citation

Langhelle A, Strømme T, Sunde K, Wik L, Nicolaysen G, Steen PA. Inspiratory impedance threshold valve during CPR. Resuscitation. 2002 Jan;52(1):39-48. — View Citation

Lurie K, Voelckel W, Plaisance P, Zielinski T, McKnite S, Kor D, Sugiyama A, Sukhum P. Use of an inspiratory impedance threshold valve during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a progress report. Resuscitation. 2000 May;44(3):219-30. Review. — View Citation

Lurie KG, Coffeen P, Shultz J, McKnite S, Detloff B, Mulligan K. Improving active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation with an inspiratory impedance valve. Circulation. 1995 Mar 15;91(6):1629-32. — View Citation

Lurie KG, Mulligan KA, McKnite S, Detloff B, Lindstrom P, Lindner KH. Optimizing standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation with an inspiratory impedance threshold valve. Chest. 1998 Apr;113(4):1084-90. — View Citation

Lurie KG, Shultz JJ, Callaham ML, Schwab TM, Gisch T, Rector T, Frascone RJ, Long L. Evaluation of active compression-decompression CPR in victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA. 1994 May 11;271(18):1405-11. — View Citation

Lurie KG, Voelckel WG, Zielinski T, McKnite S, Lindstrom P, Peterson C, Wenzel V, Lindner KH, Samniah N, Benditt D. Improving standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation with an inspiratory impedance threshold valve in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Anesth Analg. 2001 Sep;93(3):649-55. — View Citation

Lurie KG, Zielinski T, McKnite S, Aufderheide T, Voelckel W. Use of an inspiratory impedance valve improves neurologically intact survival in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation. Circulation. 2002 Jan 1;105(1):124-9. — View Citation

Niemann JT. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. N Engl J Med. 1992 Oct 8;327(15):1075-80. Review. — View Citation

Pirrallo RG, Aufderheide TP, Provo TA, Lurie KG. Effect of an inspiratory impedance threshold device on hemodynamics during conventional manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2005 Jul;66(1):13-20. — View Citation

Plaisance P, Lurie KG, Payen D. Inspiratory impedance during active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomized evaluation in patients in cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2000 Mar 7;101(9):989-94. — View Citation

Plaisance P, Lurie KG, Vicaut E, Adnet F, Petit JL, Epain D, Ecollan P, Gruat R, Cavagna P, Biens J, Payen D. A comparison of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation and active compression-decompression resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. French Active Compression-Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Aug 19;341(8):569-75. — View Citation

Plaisance P, Lurie KG, Vicaut E, Martin D, Gueugniaud PY, Petit JL, Payen D. Evaluation of an impedance threshold device in patients receiving active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2004 Jun;61(3):265-71. — View Citation

Plaisance P, Soleil C, Lurie KG, Vicaut E, Ducros L, Payen D. Use of an inspiratory impedance threshold device on a facemask and endotracheal tube to reduce intrathoracic pressures during the decompression phase of active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med. 2005 May;33(5):990-4. — View Citation

Shultz JJ, Coffeen P, Sweeney M, Detloff B, Kehler C, Pineda E, Yakshe P, Adler SW, Chang M, Lurie KG. Evaluation of standard and active compression-decompression CPR in an acute human model of ventricular fibrillation. Circulation. 1994 Feb;89(2):684-93. — View Citation

Thayne RC, Thomas DC, Neville JD, Van Dellen A. Use of an impedance threshold device improves short-term outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2005 Oct;67(1):103-8. — View Citation

Voelckel WG, Lurie KG, Sweeney M, McKnite S, Zielinski T, Lindstrom P, Peterson C, Wenzel V, Lindner KH. Effects of active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation with the inspiratory threshold valve in a young porcine model of cardiac arrest. Pediatr Res. 2002 Apr;51(4):523-7. — View Citation

Wolcke BB, Mauer DK, Schoefmann MF, Teichmann H, Provo TA, Lindner KH, Dick WF, Aeppli D, Lurie KG. Comparison of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation versus the combination of active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation and an inspiratory impedance threshold device for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2003 Nov 4;108(18):2201-5. Epub 2003 Oct 20. — View Citation

Yannopoulos D, Aufderheide TP, Gabrielli A, Beiser DG, McKnite SH, Pirrallo RG, Wigginton J, Becker L, Vanden Hoek T, Tang W, Nadkarni VM, Klein JP, Idris AH, Lurie KG. Clinical and hemodynamic comparison of 15:2 and 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratios for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med. 2006 May;34(5):1444-9. — View Citation

Yannopoulos D, Aufderheide TP, McKnite S, Kotsifas K, Charris R, Nadkarni V, Lurie KG. Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of negative tracheal pressure during CPR in pigs. Resuscitation. 2006 Jun;69(3):487-94. Epub 2006 May 5. — View Citation

Yannopoulos D, McKnite S, Aufderheide TP, Sigurdsson G, Pirrallo RG, Benditt D, Lurie KG. Effects of incomplete chest wall decompression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation on coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2005 Mar;64(3):363-72. — View Citation

Yannopoulos D, McKnite S, Metzger A, Lurie KG. Intrathoracic pressure regulation improves 24-hour survival in a porcine model of hypovolemic shock. Anesth Analg. 2007 Jan;104(1):157-62. — View Citation

Yannopoulos D, McKnite SH, Metzger A, Lurie KG. Intrathoracic pressure regulation for intracranial pressure management in normovolemic and hypovolemic pigs. Crit Care Med. 2006 Dec;34(12 Suppl):S495-500. — View Citation

Yannopoulos D, Metzger A, McKnite S, Nadkarni V, Aufderheide TP, Idris A, Dries D, Benditt DG, Lurie KG. Intrathoracic pressure regulation improves vital organ perfusion pressures in normovolemic and hypovolemic pigs. Resuscitation. 2006 Sep;70(3):445-53. Epub 2006 Aug 9. — View Citation

Yannopoulos D, Nadkarni VM, McKnite SH, Rao A, Kruger K, Metzger A, Benditt DG, Lurie KG. Intrathoracic pressure regulator during continuous-chest-compression advanced cardiac resuscitation improves vital organ perfusion pressures in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2005 Aug 9;112(6):803-11. Epub 2005 Aug 1. — View Citation

* Note: There are 30 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Mean Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressures		during CPR (day 1)	No
Primary	Serious Adverse Events	Serious adverse events include: death, internal thoracic and abdominal injuries, device malfunction preventing use during CPR	during the index CPR procedure (day 1), at hospital discharge, at 30 days, at three months, and at six months of follow-up	Yes
Secondary	Mean Intrathoracic Pressure (Airway Pressure)		during CPR (day 1)	No