Does Caffeine Facilitate Human Reward Learning Behaviors?

Caffeine Clinical Trial

— ADoRe  

Official title:

Caffeine and Reward Learning: Characterizing Behavioral Expression of Adenosine-Dopamine Interaction

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05325502
• Other study ID #: CChronobiology
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: May 5, 2022
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2024

Study information

• Verified date: August 2023
• Source: Centre for Chronobiology
• Contact: Yu-Shiuan Lin, PhD
• Phone: +41613255474
• Email: ys.lin[@]unibas.ch
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

"Learning from the rewards" is underlying the formulation of knowledge and habits in daily life. Caffeine is the most commonly used "psychoactive" substance that could change one's mind state by affecting the brain and nervous system. By such effects, caffeine enhances reward signals - dopamine - in human brains. In this research study, we will find out whether taking caffeine acutely or daily can enhance reward learning processes.

Description:

Reward learning is associated with the formulation of habits, memories, and beliefs. Positive (receiving an unexpected reward) and negative reinforcement (eliminating an unwanted state) learning are primarily modulated by striatal dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. While caffeine, a psychostimulant regularly consumed by 80% worldwide population, is known to facilitate striatal dopamine signaling, the potential of caffeine on enhancing reward learning in humans remains unknown.

In this double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 36 young healthy non-smoking habitual caffeine consumers (daily dose 100 - 450 mg) who are aged between 18 and 40 will be examined. Each of the 36 participants (18 F, 18 M) will undergo an acute caffeine condition, a daily caffeine condition, and a daily placebo condition. Each condition consists of 7 days - 6 ambulatory days followed by 1 laboratory visit.

In the ambulatory part, participants will abstain from caffeine, nicotine, medications, and recreational drugs. Compliance to the interventions and abstinence of caffeine will be monitored by salivary caffeine concentration every day. Bedtime and sleep quality will be recorded in sleep diary. On the laboratory visit, participants will perform cognitive tasks on a 2.5h task battery, which includes a probabilistic selection task, a motor inhibition task, and a salience attribution test. We also measure their arousal and anxiety levels 1h after the second intake on the laboratory visit.

We will use Bayes factor analyses to test our confirmatory hypotheses (on the primary outcomes): 1) Caffeine enhances the accuracy of reward learning; 2) Daily intake of caffeine facilitates the negative reinforcement compared to acute its intake. On the secondary outcomes, we examine the exploratory hypotheses that caffeine enhances motor inhibition and motivational salience. Arousal and anxiety levels will be examined as a covariate which potentially contribute to the caffeine-induced changes in reward learning performance.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 36
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2024
• Est. primary completion date: December 31, 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 40 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age = 18 and = 40

• Clinically healthy

• Non-smokers

Exclusion Criteria:

• Habitual caffeine intake < 100 mg or > 450 mg

• Pregnant or lactating women

• Women using hormonal contraceptives

• BMI < 18.5 or > 29.9

• Sleep disturbance or extreme chronotypes

• Nicotine or recreational drug users

• Depression, anxiety, psychosis, or neurologic disorders

• Severe heart or cardiovascular diseases

• Diabetes or metabolic diseases

• Under chronic medications

• Incapable to operate the tasks or comprehend the study information in German or English

• Users of the Bopomo alphates utilized as stimuli in the reward learning tasks

• Current enrolment in other clinical trials

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Caffeine

Intervention

Dietary Supplement:
• caffeine
two doses per day: 200 mg caffeine in the morning; 100 mg caffeine in the afternoon
• mannitol
two doses per day: 200 mg in the morning & 100 mg in the afternoon

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Switzerland	Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel	Basel	Basel City

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Yu-Shiuan Lin

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Switzerland, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Self-report anxiety levels	State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI-A) is used to examine the subjective anxiety levels in general as a trait (20 questions) and as a current state (20 questions). Participants will rate the levels using a Likert's scale (For trait - 0: Almost never, 1: Sometimes, 2: Often, 3: Almost always; For current state - 0: not at all, 1: Somewhat, 2: Moderately so, 3: Very much so).	1-hour after the second intake on the 7th day
Other	Subjective sleepiness and alertness	Self-report one-question Karolinska Sleepiness Scale is used to rate the subjective sleepiness/alertness from 1 (very awake), 3 (awake), 5 (neither awake or tired), 7 (tired but no problem to stay awake), to 9 (very tired, big problem to stay awake, struggling with sleep), and 2, 4, 6, 8 for intermediate levels.	1-hour after the second intake on the 7th day
Other	heart rate measurement	heart rates (per min)	1-hour after the second intake on the 7th day
Other	blood pressure measurement	systolic and diastolic blood pressure	1-hour after the second intake on the 7th day
Primary	The accuracy (% of correct answers) in implicit learning through different probabilities of monetary reward feedback	Through a probabilistic selection task, participant will go through a training phase to learn the rules which options may be more likely to return monetary feedback, and the knowledge learned will be tested in a second phase where the task difficulty is increased, and no feedback is provided. The overall accuracy in the testing phases will be examined, as well as the accuracies in choosing or avoiding the highest and lowest reward-probability stimuli.	1-hour after the second intake on the 7th day
Secondary	The errors in motor inhibition (rates of false alarm) in a motor inhibition task	Through a reaction-inhibition task (Go/NoGo), participants will go through two phases of the task: 1) Only respond to a specific stimulus when it shows; 2) Respond to all stimuli except for the specific stimulus. The accuracy in motor inhibition will be indicated by the errors made in the no-go signals (i.e. false alarm).	1.5-hour after the second intake on the 7th day
Secondary	Salience attribution behaviors	subjective perception towards the probabilities (0 -100%) of reward feedback from each choice in the probabilistic selection task.	1.5-hour after the second intake on the 7th day