A Study to Assess the Efficacy of Cerebellar IMRT Combined With Cerebral SRS in Patients With Brain Metastases

Brain Metastases Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Single-arm Pilot Study, to Assess the Efficacy of Cerebellar IMRT Combined With Cerebral SRS in Patients With Brain Metastases That Are Predominantly in the Posterior Fossa - a Novel Treatment Approach

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05477316
• Other study ID #: 0930-20
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: February 11, 2021
• Est. completion date: December 2024

Study information

• Verified date: July 2022
• Source: Hadassah Medical Organization
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

A single-arm pilot study, to assess the efficacy of cerebellar IMRT combined with cerebral SRS in patients with brain metastases that are predominantly in the posterior fossa - a novel treatment approach

Description:

This study includes patients with brain metastases, presenting with more than 5 cerebellar lesions and less than 10 cerebral lesions. This is a pilot study assessing the efficacy of a novel, combined treatment approach involving Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)/ Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), with or without integrated boost to metastases, administered to the posterior fossa, and Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) administered to cerebral lesions. This is opposed to the current recommended treatment approach for such cases, being whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). While an effective treatment with respect to lesion control, WBRT is not ideal as the total deliverable dose is limited to 30 Gy due to toxicity. In addition, this technique is responsible for major side effects, especially neurocognitive deterioration.

There are select cases of multiple brain metastases which are predominantly found in the posterior fossa. Rectal cancer is one such notorious example, however this type of spread is not limited to one region.

The investigators hypothesize that utilizing the novel combinational treatment approach of IMRT and SRS in cerebral and cerebellar brain metastases will improve long term brain control, maintain the patients' cognitive function and potentially improve overall survival, as the need for potent WBRT will become obsolete.

Patients with multiple brain metastases present in the cerebrum and cerebellum will be treated with SRS and IMRT respectively, simultaneously (within 3 weeks of one another). Brain MRI scans will be performed before commencement of the novel treatment approach, at two month after RT, and then every 3 months, or as indicated clinically, after treatment start. Concurrently at each MRI scan time point, patients will be assessed based on brain and whole-body metastatic progression by RECIST. Patients will also be assessed for central nervous system (CNS) - progression free survival (PFS) and body-PFS, cognitive function, quality of life and overall survival status via standardized follow-up tests.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 37
• Est. completion date: December 2024
• Est. primary completion date: December 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 99 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion criteria

1. Presence of multiple brain metastasis, predominantly in the posterior fossa: more than 5 metastases in the cerebellum, and less than 10 metastases in the cerebrum, visible on MRI, regardless of tumor origin.

2. Provided written informed consent.

3. Be male or female and at least 18 years of age on the day of signing informed consent.

4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status = 2.

5. A minimum life expectancy of at least 3 months

6. Female patients:

1. Willing to use adequate contraceptive measures until 6 weeks after the final dose of study treatment

2. Not breast feeding

3. Have a negative pregnancy test prior to the start of dosing if of childbearing potential or have evidence of non-childbearing potential by fulfilling one of the following criteria at screening:

4. i. Post-menopausal defined as aged more than 50 years and amenorrheic for at least 12 months following cessation of all exogenous hormonal treatments ii. Women under 50 years old would be considered postmenopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatments and with Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels in the post-menopausal range for the institution iii. Documentation of irreversible surgical sterilization by hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy or bilateral salpingectomy but not tubal ligation

7. Male patients who are willing to use barrier contraception (i.e. condoms) until 4 months after the final dose of study treatment.

Exclusion criteria

1. Prior treatment with Whole brain radiation (WBRT) (previous SRS is allowed for limited, up to 4 metastases, six month or more prior to the study treatment, and the index metastases should be all new)

2. An investigational drug within five half-lives of the compound.

3. Spinal cord compression unless asymptomatic and stable.

4. Leptomeningeal disease.

5. Moderate or severe symptomatic brain metastases defined as per Radiation therapy Oncology Group acute morbidity grade 3 to 4.

Note: Grade 3 refers to neurological findings requiring hospitalization for initial management. Grade 4 refers to serious neurological impairment including paralysis, coma or seizures more than three times per week despite medication and requires hospitalization.

6. Any evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic diseases, including uncontrolled hypertension and active bleeding diatheses, which in the investigator's opinion makes it undesirable for the patient to participate in the trial or which would jeopardize compliance with the protocol, or active infection including hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Screening for chronic conditions is not required.

7. Involvement in the planning and conduct of the study

8. Judgement by the investigator that the patient should not participate in the study if the patient is unlikely to comply with study procedures, restrictions and requirements.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Brain Metastases
• Brain Neoplasms
• Cerebral Lesion
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Neoplasms, Second Primary

Intervention

Radiation:
• Radiation treatment
Radiation treatment of IMRT to the cerebellum and SRS to the cerebrum

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Israel	Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center	Jerusalem

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Hadassah Medical Organization

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Israel, 

References & Publications (21)

Achrol AS, Rennert RC, Anders C, Soffietti R, Ahluwalia MS, Nayak L, Peters S, Arvold ND, Harsh GR, Steeg PS, Chang SD. Brain metastases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Jan 17;5(1):5. doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0055-y. Review. — View Citation

Brown PD, Jaeckle K, Ballman KV, Farace E, Cerhan JH, Anderson SK, Carrero XW, Barker FG 2nd, Deming R, Burri SH, Ménard C, Chung C, Stieber VW, Pollock BE, Galanis E, Buckner JC, Asher AL. Effect of Radiosurgery Alone vs Radiosurgery With Whole Brain Radiation Therapy on Cognitive Function in Patients With 1 to 3 Brain Metastases: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016 Jul 26;316(4):401-409. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.9839. Erratum in: JAMA. 2018 Aug 7;320(5):510. — View Citation

Chang WS, Kim HY, Chang JW, Park YG, Chang JH. Analysis of radiosurgical results in patients with brain metastases according to the number of brain lesions: is stereotactic radiosurgery effective for multiple brain metastases? J Neurosurg. 2010 Dec;113 Suppl:73-8. — View Citation

Gerstenecker A, Nabors LB, Meneses K, Fiveash JB, Marson DC, Cutter G, Martin RC, Meyers CA, Triebel KL. Cognition in patients with newly diagnosed brain metastasis: profiles and implications. J Neurooncol. 2014 Oct;120(1):179-85. doi: 10.1007/s11060-014-1543-x. Epub 2014 Jul 18. — View Citation

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Greene-Schloesser D, Robbins ME, Peiffer AM, Shaw EG, Wheeler KT, Chan MD. Radiation-induced brain injury: A review. Front Oncol. 2012 Jul 19;2:73. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00073. eCollection 2012. — View Citation

Gutt R, Dawson G, Cheuk AV, Fosmire H, Moghanaki D, Kelly M, Jolly S. Palliative Radiotherapy for the Management of Metastatic Cancer: Bone Metastases, Spinal Cord Compression, and Brain Metastases. Fed Pract. 2015 May;32(Suppl 4):12S-16S. — View Citation

Martínez P, Mak RH, Oxnard GR. Targeted Therapy as an Alternative to Whole-Brain Radiotherapy in EGFR-Mutant or ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Brain Metastases. JAMA Oncol. 2017 Sep 1;3(9):1274-1275. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1047. Review. — View Citation

Mohammadi AM, Recinos PF, Barnett GH, Weil RJ, Vogelbaum MA, Chao ST, Suh JH, Marko NF, Elson P, Neyman G, Angelov L. Role of Gamma Knife surgery in patients with 5 or more brain metastases. J Neurosurg. 2012 Dec;117 Suppl:5-12. doi: 10.3171/2012.8.GKS12983. — View Citation

Nabors LB, Ammirati M, Bierman PJ, Brem H, Butowski N, Chamberlain MC, DeAngelis LM, Fenstermaker RA, Friedman A, Gilbert MR, Hesser D, Holdhoff M, Junck L, Lawson R, Loeffler JS, Maor MH, Moots PL, Morrison T, Mrugala MM, Newton HB, Portnow J, Raizer JJ, Recht L, Shrieve DC, Sills AK Jr, Tran D, Tran N, Vrionis FD, Wen PY, McMillian N, Ho M; National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Central nervous system cancers. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2013 Sep 1;11(9):1114-51. — View Citation

Nayak L, Lee EQ, Wen PY. Epidemiology of brain metastases. Curr Oncol Rep. 2012 Feb;14(1):48-54. doi: 10.1007/s11912-011-0203-y. — View Citation

Rava P, Leonard K, Sioshansi S, Curran B, Wazer DE, Cosgrove GR, Norén G, Hepel JT. Survival among patients with 10 or more brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery. J Neurosurg. 2013 Aug;119(2):457-62. doi: 10.3171/2013.4.JNS121751. Epub 2013 May 10. — View Citation

Sahgal A, Aoyama H, Kocher M, Neupane B, Collette S, Tago M, Shaw P, Beyene J, Chang EL. Phase 3 trials of stereotactic radiosurgery with or without whole-brain radiation therapy for 1 to 4 brain metastases: individual patient data meta-analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2015 Mar 15;91(4):710-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.10.024. Review. — View Citation

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Sahgal A, Ruschin M, Ma L, Verbakel W, Larson D, Brown PD. Stereotactic radiosurgery alone for multiple brain metastases? A review of clinical and technical issues. Neuro Oncol. 2017 Apr 1;19(suppl_2):ii2-ii15. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nox001. Review. — View Citation

Sahgal A. Point/Counterpoint: Stereotactic radiosurgery without whole-brain radiation for patients with a limited number of brain metastases: the current standard of care? Neuro Oncol. 2015 Jul;17(7):916-8. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov087. — View Citation

Soike MH, Hughes RT, Farris M, McTyre ER, Cramer CK, Bourland JD, Chan MD. Does Stereotactic Radiosurgery Have a Role in the Management of Patients Presenting With 4 or More Brain Metastases? Neurosurgery. 2019 Mar 1;84(3):558-566. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyy216. Review. — View Citation

Trifiletti DM, Lee CC, Winardi W, Patel NV, Yen CP, Larner JM, Sheehan JP. Brainstem metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery: safety, efficacy, and dose response. J Neurooncol. 2015 Nov;125(2):385-92. doi: 10.1007/s11060-015-1927-6. Epub 2015 Sep 4. — View Citation

Tsao MN, Xu W, Wong RK, Lloyd N, Laperriere N, Sahgal A, Rakovitch E, Chow E. Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jan 25;1:CD003869. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003869.pub4. Review. — View Citation

Yamamoto M, Serizawa T, Shuto T, Akabane A, Higuchi Y, Kawagishi J, Yamanaka K, Sato Y, Jokura H, Yomo S, Nagano O, Kenai H, Moriki A, Suzuki S, Kida Y, Iwai Y, Hayashi M, Onishi H, Gondo M, Sato M, Akimitsu T, Kubo K, Kikuchi Y, Shibasaki T, Goto T, Takanashi M, Mori Y, Takakura K, Saeki N, Kunieda E, Aoyama H, Momoshima S, Tsuchiya K. Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with multiple brain metastases (JLGK0901): a multi-institutional prospective observational study. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Apr;15(4):387-95. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70061-0. Epub 2014 Mar 10. — View Citation

* Note: There are 21 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Brain control: Central Nervous System (CNS)- Progression Free Survival (PFS)	Metastatic brain lesions treated with IMRT/SRS will be tracked and measured using MRI. Disease in the brain and systemically will be assessed by RECIST.	Change in lesion size in the whole body will be followed and assessed at screen, 2 month after radiation treatment, then every 3 month until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, up to 10 years.
Secondary	Cognitive function	Patient cognitive function will improve after study treatment (Hopkines verbal learning test (HVLT), Trail Making Test (TMT) A + B, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) and clock drawing test). Cognitive functions will be univariately compared between the groups using the Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney Ranks test. We will also perform multivariate analyses using either linear regression of Poisson regression, depending on the outcomes distribution.	Change in patient cognitive function will be followed and assessed at screen, 2 month after radiation treatment, then every 3 month, until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, up to 10 years.
Secondary	Quality of life (QOL)	Patient QOL will improve after study treatment. QOL will be evaluated due to score in four questionnaires: European Organisation for. Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ C30, The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Fatigue (FACIT), The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Cognitive functions will be univariately compared between the groups using the Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney Ranks test. We will also perform multivariate analyses using either linear regression of Poisson regression, depending on the outcomes distribution.	Change in patient QOL will be followed and assessed at screen, 2 month after radiation treatment, then every 3 month, until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, up to 10 years.
Secondary	Overall survival (OS)	Patient OS will be assessed via timely patient follow-ups on survival status	Status will be checked at every visit and follow up, until the date of death from any cause, up to 10 years.

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