Procalcitonin and Endotoxin Sequential Levels to Optimize the Treatment of Bloodstream Infections

Bloodstream Infection Clinical Trial

Official title:

Procalcitonin and Endotoxin Sequential Levels to Optimize the Treatment of Bloodstream Infections

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00870623
• Other study ID #: 0540-08-FB
• Status: Completed
• Start date: June 1, 2009
• Est. completion date: January 13, 2016

Study information

• Verified date: September 2023
• Source: University of Nebraska
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Bloodstream infections are also costly and result in prolonged hospital stays. The duration of therapy necessary to clear blood stream infections is unknown and no study has systematically addressed this issue. However, the use of antimicrobials is not without consequence. These include financial cost, side-effects, promotion of superinfection (especially Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea), and the promotion of microbial resistance. This study hypothesizes that a procalcitonin (host biomarker) and endotoxin (microorganism biomarker) guided treatment plan could significantly decrease unnecessary exposure to antibiotics in patients with bloodstream infections.

Description:

Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Community-onset BSI have an overall attributable mortality of 10-13% while nosocomial BSI mortality ranges are quite variable from 12-80%. Bloodstream infections are also costly and result in prolonged hospital stays. Nosocomial BSIs have been shown to increase length of stay by 5-25 days and increase costs $23,000 - 40,000 above matched controls. The duration of therapy necessary to clear blood stream infections is unknown and no study has systematically addressed this issue. The use of antimicrobials is also not without consequence. These include financial cost, side-effects, promotion of superinfection (especially Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea), and the promotion of microbial resistance. This study hypothesizes that a procalcitonin (host biomarker) and endotoxin (microorganism biomarker) guided treatment plan could significantly decrease unnecessary exposure to antibiotics in patients with bloodstream infections.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 223
• Est. completion date: January 13, 2016
• Est. primary completion date: January 13, 2016
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 19 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Hospitalized, adult patient, at least one positive blood culture reported within 24 hours of enrollment

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previously enrolled in the study; discharged/deceased before first positive culture; receiving antibiotic for greater than or equal to 48 hours; endocarditis or osteomyelitis; antithymocyte globulin in the last 12 months; blood cultures positive for coagulase-negative staphylococcus only.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Bloodstream Infection
• Communicable Diseases
• Infections
• Sepsis

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Unversity of Nebraska Medical Center	Omaha	Nebraska

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Nebraska

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (26)

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Christ-Crain M, Jaccard-Stolz D, Bingisser R, Gencay MM, Huber PR, Tamm M, Muller B. Effect of procalcitonin-guided treatment on antibiotic use and outcome in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster-randomised, single-blinded intervention trial. Lancet. 2004 Feb 21;363(9409):600-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15591-8. — View Citation

Christ-Crain M, Stolz D, Bingisser R, Muller C, Miedinger D, Huber PR, Zimmerli W, Harbarth S, Tamm M, Muller B. Procalcitonin guidance of antibiotic therapy in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Jul 1;174(1):84-93. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200512-1922OC. Epub 2006 Apr 7. — View Citation

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Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Grecka P, Poulakou G, Anargyrou K, Katsilambros N, Giamarellou H. Assessment of procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker of underlying infection in patients with febrile neutropenia. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Jun 15;32(12):1718-25. doi: 10.1086/320744. Epub 2001 May 21. — View Citation

Jensen JU, Heslet L, Jensen TH, Espersen K, Steffensen P, Tvede M. Procalcitonin increase in early identification of critically ill patients at high risk of mortality. Crit Care Med. 2006 Oct;34(10):2596-602. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000239116.01855.61. — View Citation

Laupland KB, Gregson DB, Flemons WW, Hawkins D, Ross T, Church DL. Burden of community-onset bloodstream infection: a population-based assessment. Epidemiol Infect. 2007 Aug;135(6):1037-42. doi: 10.1017/S0950268806007631. Epub 2006 Dec 7. — View Citation

Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG; Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1;44 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S27-72. doi: 10.1086/511159. No abstract available. — View Citation

Marshall JC, Foster D, Vincent JL, Cook DJ, Cohen J, Dellinger RP, Opal S, Abraham E, Brett SJ, Smith T, Mehta S, Derzko A, Romaschin A; MEDIC study. Diagnostic and prognostic implications of endotoxemia in critical illness: results of the MEDIC study. J Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 1;190(3):527-34. doi: 10.1086/422254. Epub 2004 Jul 2. — View Citation

Marshall JC, Walker PM, Foster DM, Harris D, Ribeiro M, Paice J, Romaschin AD, Derzko AN. Measurement of endotoxin activity in critically ill patients using whole blood neutrophil dependent chemiluminescence. Crit Care. 2002 Aug;6(4):342-8. doi: 10.1186/cc1522. Epub 2002 May 2. — View Citation

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Mermel LA, Farr BM, Sherertz RJ, Raad II, O'Grady N, Harris JS, Craven DE; Infectious Diseases Society of America; American College of Critical Care Medicine; Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Guidelines for the management of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 May 1;32(9):1249-72. doi: 10.1086/320001. Epub 2001 Apr 3. No abstract available. — View Citation

Nobre V, Harbarth S, Graf JD, Rohner P, Pugin J. Use of procalcitonin to shorten antibiotic treatment duration in septic patients: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Mar 1;177(5):498-505. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200708-1238OC. Epub 2007 Dec 20. — View Citation

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Romaschin AD, Harris DM, Ribeiro MB, Paice J, Foster DM, Walker PM, Marshall JC. A rapid assay of endotoxin in whole blood using autologous neutrophil dependent chemiluminescence. J Immunol Methods. 1998 Mar 15;212(2):169-85. doi: 10.1016/s0022-1759(98)00003-9. — View Citation

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Stolz D, Christ-Crain M, Bingisser R, Leuppi J, Miedinger D, Muller C, Huber P, Muller B, Tamm M. Antibiotic treatment of exacerbations of COPD: a randomized, controlled trial comparing procalcitonin-guidance with standard therapy. Chest. 2007 Jan;131(1):9-19. doi: 10.1378/chest.06-1500. — View Citation

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* Note: There are 26 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Optimal length of treatment	To determine the optimal length of treatment by observing the normalization of procalcitonin (PCT) and Endotoxin levels, compared with the length of treatment by standard of care.	30 days
Secondary	Association of procalcitonin and endotoxin levels and outcomes	To determine if procalcitonin and endotoxin levels (or lack of decrease) are associated with treatment failure, complication, survival, cost, length of stay, progression to severe sepsis, or superinfections.	30 days