The Effect of Propolis Mouthwash Compared to Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Oral and Cardiovascular Health

Blood Pressure Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Effect of Propolis Mouthwash Compared to Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Oral and Cardiovascular Health

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04117451
• Other study ID #: UPlymouth
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: June 5, 2019
• Est. completion date: May 3, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: May 2022
• Source: University of Plymouth
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The oral microbiome has recently emerged as a key contributor in nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis and vascular control by increasing nitrite bioavailability. Antibacterial mouthwash containing chlorhexidine has been shown to be effective in inhibiting the nitrate-reducing activity of oral bacteria, and increasing blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Recent research has also shown that chlorhexidine mouthwash lowered salivary pH and increased salivary lactate and glucose. This was also associated with changes on the activity and diversity of oral bacteria that are susceptible to increase the risk of periodontal disease. On the other hand, mouthwash containing propolis has similar antimicrobial effects than chlorhexidine, but adding some positive outcomes such as increased salivary antioxidant capacity. This may suggest that propolis mouthwash modulates the activity/diversity of oral bacteria. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of propolis mouthwash on the nitrate-reducing activity of oral bacteria and vascular function compared to chlorhexidine in healthy humans.

Description:

Methods:

Participants: Adult healthy and non-smoker individuals will be recruited. The study will be approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the University of Plymouth.

Main protocol: Participants will visit the laboratory on two different occasions. At the first visit, basic anthropometrical measurements will be taken before to collect a blood (6 mL) and saliva (3 mL) samples under fasting conditions. Then, the nitrate reducing capacity of oral bacteria will be measured using a 10 mL of a free-nitrite water solution containing sodium nitrate. Participants will rinse their mouth for 5 min. Then, the mouth rinse will be collected into a sterile tube to analyse the absolute concentration of nitrite. Following this, blood pressure will be taken in triplicate on the left arm using an electronic sphygmomanometer. Then, microvascular function will be measured on the left forearm (extensor digitorum) using a hyperaemia reactive test. At the end of this visit and following a double-blind and non-cross over design participants will be allocated in one group: 1) chlorhexidine mouthwash or 2) propolis mouthwash. Participants will be given 14 tubes of 10 mL of mouthwash to rinse their mouth twice a day for a week before to return to the laboratory a week later and to undertake the same measurements.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 45
• Est. completion date: May 3, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: March 30, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 50 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

Healthy individuals between 18 and 50 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Smoking

2. To have hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, cancer or other physiological and mental disorders

3. Existing interventions affecting the oral bacteria: mouthwash, tongue scrapes

4. To have taken antibiotics within the last month.

5. In females, to have irregular menstrual periods, less than or greater than 28 days over the last 3 months

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Blood Pressure
• Periodontal Diseases

Intervention

Other:
• Propolis
Investigating the impact of propolis mouthwash on oral and cardiovascular health

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United Kingdom	University of Plymouth	Plymouth	Devon

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Plymouth

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United Kingdom, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Enhanced activity of oral bacteria	The nitrate-reducing nitrate activity of oral bacterial will be measured before and after each treatment	1 week
Primary	Enhanced cardiovascular function	Blood pressure and microvascular response to a hyperaemia reactive test will be measured before and after each treatment	1 week