Testing New Marketing Models for Improved Cookstoves - Uganda

Behavior Clinical Trial

Official title:

Behavior Change Interventions to Improve the Acquisition and Correct Use of Improved Cookstoves

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01611350
• Other study ID #: TRA001
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: February 2012
• Est. completion date: November 2015

Study information

• Verified date: February 2020
• Source: University of California, Berkeley
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of different sales offers and different marketing messages to increase the uptake of energy efficient cookstoves.

This research will address the following major barriers to the acquisition and correct use of improved cookstoves into four main categories:

• Inappropriate product or marketing for intended users

• Lack of consumer trust in new products

• Failure to address consumers' financial constraints

• Failure to achieve behavioral change

To do so this research includes 3 Randomized Controlled Trials including:RCT 1- Testing the Effectiveness of Marketing Messages in Increasing Willingness to Pay; RCT 2- Testing the Effectiveness of the Novel Sales Offer and its ability to Increase Uptake of Purchasing Energy Efficient Cookstoves; and RCT 3-Measure the Effects of Fuel Efficient Cookstoves on Health, Fuel Use and Time Spent Collecting Fuel.

RCT 1 studies the price women are willing to pay for the improved stove. It will also test the effects of the two most effective marketing messages identified during the Phase 1 Feasibility stage (e.g., improved health, saves time, and has high status) on increasing willingness to pay. RCT 1 will run second price auctions in 36 parishes with an average of 60 participants per meeting.

From RCT 1, RCT 2 tests the effect of a Novel Sales Offer- which includes a free trial, and time payments- on purchasing decisions of participants versus those that receive the Traditional Offer- a cash and carry offer. Based on a pilot in urban Kampala conducted by Dr. David I. Levine (co-P.I. on this project) results show a 44% uptake for households offered the novel offer vs. a 4% uptake for those offered the traditional offer. The hypothesis is a novel offer will significantly increase uptake of fuel efficient cookstoves in rural Uganda when compared to a traditional offer.

RCT 3 measures the impacts of fuel efficient cookstoves on health, fuel usage, and time spent collecting fuel. For RCT 3 we will randomize those who accept the Novel Offer into early and late groups. To measure the impacts of improved stoves on health, fuel use, time spent collecting fuel, etc., there will be a baseline and follow-up survey and associated quantitative measures on our full sample and a small endline on select quantitative measures for a sub-sample.

Description:

Given that 95% of Ugandans rely on solid fuel for cooking, and the vast majority use unimproved wood stoves in rural areas, replacing dirty and inefficient household wood stoves in Uganda provides a tremendous opportunity to improve health. Impact Carbon has been implementing an improved cookstove program in Uganda since 2005 which has now commercially sold more than 80,000 stoves. However, the program has not been successful in selling clean burning household wood stoves due to challenges related to the four categories of major barriers discussed above. Targeted research addressing these barriers will allow the team to test new sales and marketing methods to increase uptake of fuel efficient cookstoves. This has the potential to significantly reduce indoor air pollution as more households adopt fuel efficient cookstoves.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 3500
• Est. completion date: November 2015
• Est. primary completion date: November 2015
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years and older
• Eligibility: All households are eligible to purchase a stove.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Air Pollution, Indoor
• Behavior

Intervention

Other:
• RCT 1- Testing the Effectiveness of Marketing Messages in Increasing Willingness to Pay
We are testing whether any marketing messages effect participants willingness to pay for the fuel efficient cookstoves. All marketing messages are true.
• RCT 3-Measure the Effects of Fuel Efficient Cookstoves on Health, Fuel Use and Time Spent Collecting Fuel
Of those who accept the Novel Sales Offer, half the group will be randomly selected to start their free trial early while the other half will receive their free trial late. Those who receive their free trial late will serve as a control group for fuel consumption and Particulate Matter exposure in kitchens.
• RCT 2- Testing the Effectiveness of the Novel Sales Offer and its ability to Increase Uptake of Purchasing Energy Efficient Cookstoves
We are testing whether households who receive the Novel Sales Offer have higher uptake than those households who receive the Traditional Sales Offer.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Uganda	Mbarara District	Mbarara
United States	Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley	Berkeley	California

Sponsors (4)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of California, Berkeley	Centre for Integrated Research and Community Development Uganda (CIRCODU), Impact Carbon, 501c3, United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

United States,  Uganda, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Effectiveness of Marketing Messages in Increasing Willingness to Pay	We will test whether or not certain marketing messages increase willingness to pay through a secondary price auction.	During February 2012 we will assess whether or not different marketing messages increase willingness to pay.
Secondary	Test the Effectiveness of the Novel Sales Offer to Increase Uptake of Purchasing Energy Efficient Cookstoves	We will randomly select some parishes to receive the Novel Sales Offer which includes a free trial and time payments and some parishes to receive the Traditional Offer, which is the offer to pay full price immediately. The outcome will be the percentage of both groups which accept the Novel Offer vs. those that accept the Traditional Offer.	This will be assessed from March 2012 to July 2012
Secondary	Measure the Effects of Fuel Efficient Cookstoves on Health, Fuel Use and Time Spent Collecting Fuel	We will measure wood use by weighing wood before without fuel efficient stove and after with fuel efficient stove.; To monitor effects on health we will measure Particulate Matter via. UCB PATS monitors. We will measure PM before without the fuel efficient stove and after with the fuel efficient stove.; We will measure time spent collecting fuel by self reporting survey questions from a baseline, follow-up and endline survey.	Will be assessed between April 2012 and August 2012

External Links

•   Published article for RCT 1: "The effect of marketing messages and payment over time on willingness to pay for fuel-efficient cookstoves
•   Published article for RCT 4 "Does Peer Use Influence Adoption of Efficient Cookstoves? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Uganda""
•   Publishes article for RCT 2: "What Impedes Efficient Adoption of Products? Evidence from Randomized Sales Offers for Fuel-Efficient Cookstoves in Uganda