Autism Spectrum Disorder Clinical Trial
Official title:
Facilitator-guided Acceptance and Commitment Bibliotherapy for Parents of Young Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Randomised Controlled Trial
The study aims to examine the effectiveness of a psychotherapy approach called Facilitator-guided Acceptance and Commitment Bibliotherapy (FAB) in improving the psychological health of parents of young children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) and reducing the emotional and behavioral symptoms of NDD children. The study will involve 154 Cantonese-speaking parents of children aged 2-6 years diagnosed with NDD in Hong Kong. The study hopes to find that FAB can improve parent-child dyads' health outcomes by enhancing psychological flexibility, parental psychological health, and mindful parenting skills.
Status | Recruiting |
Enrollment | 154 |
Est. completion date | September 8, 2026 |
Est. primary completion date | September 8, 2025 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | All |
Age group | 21 Years and older |
Eligibility | Parents of young children with NDD who fulfil the following criteria will be recruited: - Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong residents, - aged = 21 years, - have a child aged between two and six years old (preschool age) with a clinically documented diagnosis/suspected NDD diagnosis according to DSM-5 criteria (e.g., ASD, ADHD, developmental delay) and enrolled in the SWD subvented pre-school rehabilitation services offered by NGOs, - caregivers who adopted the responsibility of taking care of the child, living together with the child, and - have device(s) with internet access. Parents of young children with NDD will be excluded if: - has been diagnosed with severe mental illness(es), - cognitive/language/communication/visual/hearing impairment(s) or disorders that may present difficulties in comprehending the content of the intervention; and/or - are currently receiving another psychosocial, psychoeducational, or parenting intervention(s). |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Hong Kong | Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui Welfare Council Limited | Hong Kong | |
Hong Kong | The Chinese University of Hong Kong | Shatin |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Chinese University of Hong Kong | Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui Welfare Council Limited |
Hong Kong,
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Parenting stress | The Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF, 36 items, 5-point Likert scale). The PSI-SF evaluates parenting stress in three dimensions: parental distress, parent-child dysfunctional interaction, and difficult child behaviour (12 items each), with all items summed to indicate the total parenting stress [48]. Parents are asked to rate how much they agree or disagree with each statement using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree". Higher scores indicate higher levels of parenting stress. The Chinese version of PSI-SF (and its subscales) demonstrated strong convergent validity, discriminant validity and internal consistency (a =.79-.88) in Chinese parents. | Change from baseline assessment to immediate and 6 months post-intervention | |
Primary | Child's emotional and behavioural symptoms | The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, 25 items, 3-point Likert scale). The SDQ consists of 25 items that assess five domains: emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, and prosocial behavior. Each item is rated on a 3-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity for the emotional and behavioral problem domains and greater prosocial behavior for the prosocial behavior domain. The Chinese version of SDQ reported adequate test-retest reliabilities (ICC=.75-.86) and discriminant validity in Hong Kong parents. | Change from baseline assessment to immediate and 6 months post-intervention | |
Secondary | Parental symptoms of anxiety and depression | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, 14-item, 4-point Likert Scale). The HADS is a widely used self-rating scale assessing symptoms of anxiety and depression (7 items per subscale). Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity, and its total subscale score = 8 indicates considerable symptoms. The total score for each subscale ranges from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety or depression symptoms. This Chinese version of HADS demonstrated adequate construct validity and internal consistency in the Hong Kong sample (a =.67-.79). | Change from baseline assessment to immediate and 6 months post-intervention | |
Secondary | Parental psychological flexibility | The Psyflex questionnaire (6-item, 5-point Likert scale). The Psyflex questionnaire consists of 6 items that use a 5-point Likert scale to assess different aspects of psychological flexibility, such as the ability to be present in the moment, to accept difficult thoughts and emotions, and to focus on what matters most. Higher scores on the Psyflex questionnaire indicate greater psychological flexibility, which has been associated with better mental health outcomes. The Psyflex possesses excellent convergent validity, divergent validity, and reliability (Raykov's r = .91). Its Chinese version has been validated in the PI's work. | Change from baseline assessment to immediate and 6 months post-intervention | |
Secondary | Parenting behaviour | is a self-report measure consisting of 31 items, which use a 5-point Likert scale to assess mindfulness in parenting. The questionnaire evaluates various aspects of mindfulness in parenting, such as being present with one's child and responding to their emotions with compassion. Parents are asked to rate how frequently they engage in each behavior, with responses ranging from "never" to "very often". The IM-P generates a total score, as well as scores for five subscales: "Listening with Full Attention", "Emotional Nonreactivity to Child Distress", "Nonjudgmental Acceptance of Parenting Experience", "Compassionate Responding to Child's Needs", and "Emotion Regulation in Parenting". Higher scores on the IM-P reflect greater levels of mindfulness in parenting. The Chinese version of IM-P, which has been used in our Co-I's trial, demonstrated good convergent validity and internal consistency (a =.70-.84) among parents. | Change from baseline assessment to immediate and 6 months post-intervention | |
Secondary | Child's use of health care and rehabilitation services | The types and frequencies of rehabilitation service use from private and/or public health sectors per month over the past six months will be reported by parents, and cross-checked with the records provided by the On-site Pre-school Rehabilitation Services (OPRS) teams. | Change from baseline assessment to immediate and 6 months post-intervention |
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