Asthma Clinical Trial
To examine possible relationships between antibiotic use, as determined by prescriptions filled, and asthma in children ages 6 to 7.
BACKGROUND:
Morbidity and mortality from childhood asthma have been increasing in all developed
countries over the past three decades, including in the United States. Numerous theories
have been advanced to explain this asthma epidemic, but no single theory has held up to
careful scrutiny. Recent international studies have suggested a relatively strong causal
relationship between increased risk of childhood asthma and exposure to antibiotics during
childhood, especially during the first year of life. The increased asthma risk was seen
whether antibiotics were used to treat respiratory or non-respiratory infections. While
these previous studies are suggestive, there are significant methodologic concerns about
each study. A major concern with most of the studies is their reliance on retrospective
recall of antibiotic exposure data from parents years after the exposure. The study relied
on prospective data from the Childhood Asthma Study.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
Data were used from the prospective, NIH-funded study of the relationship between early
environmental exposures and the development of asthma in a birth cohort of children followed
to an average 6.7 years of age. At 6.7 years, 482 (58%) of the original 833 children were
clinically examined as part of this Childhood Asthma Study (CAS). In addition to clinical
histories, the 6- to 7- year clinical examination included skin tests, IgE antibody tests,
pulmonary function tests and methacholine challenge. At entry all of the CAS children were
within the Health Alliance Plan (HAP) HMO. The study was based on combining the CAS data set
with pharmacy data extracted from the HAP data archives. This allowed an examination of
possible relationships between antibiotic use, as determined by prescriptions filled, and
asthma at 6 to 7 years of age. While not strictly a prospective study, these methods avoided
many of the potential sources of bias found in previous studies. The study was also able to
evaluate any relationships between antibiotic exposure and asthma for confounding by other
risk factors such as bedroom allergen levels, pet ownership, cigarette smoke exposure, and
parental history of asthma or allergy.
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