Use of Inhaler Aromatherapy During SWL

Anxiety Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Effect of Inhaler Lavender and Frankincense Aromatherapy on Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing SWL.

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04848350
• Other study ID #: 2020376
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: June 1, 2020
• Est. completion date: September 1, 2020

Study information

• Verified date: April 2021
• Source: Mersin Training and Research Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The study aims to determine the effects of inhalation aromatherapy on pain and anxiety during the SWL protocol. This study included 120 patients who were scheduled to undergo SWL. Patients were randomly assigned a control placebo group 1 (n=40), the lavender group 2 (n=40), and the frankincense group 3 (n=40). The nebulizer (a rate of 2%) was prepared and operated on in the SWL room before the procedure. Data were collected using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I).

Description:

Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL) is widely and effectively used in the treatment of urinary tract stone disease. In the first applied lithotriptors, the energy density and maximum energy application at the skin level revealed the need for anesthesia in terms of pain. Later, with the development of new devices, the physics parameters were changed and shock was applied with lower energy levels, using large ellipsoids, the area where shock waves enter the skin is reduced and anesthesia is restricted. During the SWL procedure, patients can identify pain in the form of a subjective sensation that is difficult to identify. Pain occurs for two reasons. The first is the trauma caused by shock waves moving towards the kidney as they pass through the skin and muscles, and the second is the deep organ pain due to the trauma caused by shock waves in the kidney Also, various patient-related and environmental factors affecting pain should be considered. The sedation of patients greatly facilitates SWL tolerance. However, it has been noted in various studies that patients with anxiety experience more pain during SWL. Aromatherapy is a TAT (Tapas Acupressure technique) method in which essential oils created from fragrant parts of plants are absorbed from the body and show their effects. The therapeutic, disease-relieving or preventive properties of essential oils are utilized. Essential oils can be applied to the body by topical, internal, oral, and inhalation methods. The fastest and easiest way of entry of essential oils into the body is inhalation. When applied through breathing, evaporating molecules reach the olfactory bulb through the nose and the limbic system in the brain. Aromatherapy provides control of pain and anxiety by affecting the amygdala and hippocampus, which regulate fear and aggressive behaviors in the limbic system. Aromatherapy by Inhaler is used in hemodialysis, dental procedures, intrauterine contraceptive placement, pain and anxiety control in patients with arthritis. The literature shows that Lavender (lavandula officinalis) and Frankincense (Boswellia) essential oils are used in pain and anxiety management in procedural pain and anxiety control.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 120
• Est. completion date: September 1, 2020
• Est. primary completion date: August 1, 2020
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 60 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing SWL
• Ages between 18-60

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with pain before the procedure (VAS value is non-zero)
• Patients with respiratory disease (lung cancer, asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.),
• patients using painkillers in the last 3 hours,
• patients who were disturbed by the smell of used essential oils
• patients with a known allergy to used essential oils with a history of contact dermatitis against cosmetic odor.
• Patients who used anxiolytic agents and narcotics were excluded

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Anxiety
• Aromatherapy
• Pain, Procedural

Intervention

Other:
• Lavender essential oil
Aromatherapy agents were added to the nebulizer at a rate of 2% (120 ml of water).The nebulizer was prepared and operated on in the SWL room before the procedure, The patients were taken to the room 5 minutes before the procedure and the nebulizer was operated on during the procedure

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Turkey	Baris Saylam	Mersin	Mezitli

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Mersin Training and Research Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

References & Publications (6)

Barati F, Nasiri A, Akbari N, Sharifzadeh G. The Effect of Aromatherapy on Anxiety in Patients. Nephrourol Mon. 2016 Jul 31;8(5):e38347. eCollection 2016 Sep. — View Citation

Cai H, Xi P, Zhong L, Chen J, Liang X. Efficacy of aromatherapy on dental anxiety: A systematic review of randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials. Oral Dis. 2020 Apr 8. doi: 10.1111/odi.13346. [Epub ahead of print] Review. — View Citation

Gong M, Dong H, Tang Y, Huang W, Lu F. Effects of aromatherapy on anxiety: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Affect Disord. 2020 Sep 1;274:1028-1040. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.118. Epub 2020 May 26. Review. — View Citation

Jaruzel CB, Gregoski M, Mueller M, Faircloth A, Kelechi T. Aromatherapy for Preoperative Anxiety: A Pilot Study. J Perianesth Nurs. 2019 Apr;34(2):259-264. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2018.05.007. Epub 2018 Sep 8. — View Citation

Ozkaraman A, Dügüm Ö, Özen Yilmaz H, Usta Yesilbalkan Ö. Aromatherapy: The Effect of Lavender on Anxiety and Sleep Quality in Patients Treated With Chemotherapy. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2018 Apr 1;22(2):203-210. doi: 10.1188/18.CJON.203-210. — View Citation

Tabatabaeichehr M, Mortazavi H. The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in the Management of Labor Pain and Anxiety: A Systematic Review. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2020 May;30(3):449-458. doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i3.16. Review. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	VAS score	Patients ' pain levels were measured using the VAS pain scale. This is a horizontal scale, ranging from 0 (no pain) on the left side to 10 (most severe pain) on the right side. Pain intensity can be categorized as mild (score, 1-3), moderate (score, 4-6), and severe (score, 7-10) according to the scale.	10 minutes
Primary	Discomfort Intolerance Scale-Revised (DIS-R)	The scala assesses the perceived inability to tolerate physical discomfort, beliefs about physical discomfort, and responses to feelings of physical discomfort. The DIS-R consists of nine items (e.g., "I can't handle feeling physical discomfort") rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale (0=not at all like me to 6=extremely like me) with higher scores indicating greater discomfort intolerance. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the revised 9-item version was a good fit to the data and demonstrated good construct validity in both symptomatic (i.e., clinically-elevated levels of depression or anxiety) and non-symptomatic samples.	10 minutes
Primary	STAI form	The STAI form was used to determine the transitory emotional state and anxiety level of the participants after the procedure. This scale, consisting of 20 items, uses a 4-point Likert scale in which items are scored from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). The assessment of the inventory is based on the total score ranging from 20 to 80. A score from1 to 20 is considered to indicate no anxiety, a score of 21 to 40 indicates mild anxiety, a score of 41 to 60 indicates moderate anxiety, and a score of 61 and higher indicates severe anxiety	10 minutes